TRIN

Thank you. Welcome to Trinity Capital's first quarter 2026 earnings conference call. Speaking on today's call are Kyle Brown, Chief Executive Officer; Sarah Stanton, General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer; Michael Testa, Chief Financial Officer; and Gerald Harder, Chief Operating Officer. Also joining us for the Q&A portion of the call is Ron Kundich, Chief Credit Officer. Earlier today, we released our financial results, which are available on our website at ir.trinitycapital.com. Before we begin, please note that certain statements made during this call may be considered forward-looking under federal securities laws. Please review our most recent SEC filings for further information on the risks and uncertainties related to these statements. With that, allow me to turn the call over to Trinity Capital CEO, Kyle Brown.

Thanks, Ben, and thank you everyone who's joining us today. Trinity Capital continues to perform because of our diversified lending platform of five complementary verticals, our ever-expanding managed funds platform that delivers incremental income to Trin shareholders, and our internally managed structure that ensures total alignment between investors and employees. To start off, here's some highlights from Trin's performance during the first quarter. Our net asset value grew 7% quarter-over-quarter and 40% year-over-year to a record $1.2 billion. Platform AUM increased to more than $2.9 billion, up 36% year-over-year. Our originations engine remained robust, achieving $306 million of fundings and $396 million of commitments. We maintained strong credit with non-accruals at 1% of the portfolio at fair value.

Furthermore, I'd like to spotlight some shareholder focus results from Q1. We're paying a $0.17 monthly dividend through the end of Q2, and Trin shareholders have now been the beneficiaries of more than six consecutive years of a consistent distribution. Also, we are scheduled to announce our Q3 dividend in June, subject to board approval. Trin's year-to-date total return leads the BDC space, and since our IPO five plus years ago, Trin stock has delivered a cumulative return of 119%, far outpacing the S&P 500's 86% over the same time period. Our return on equity remains one of the best in the BDC space, achieving 15.8% in Q1. Our managed funds platform continues to grow at a calculated pace, and income generated from that platform contributed $0.04 to our $0.53 per share net investment income in Q1.

Looking forward, we have 197 warrant positions and 127 portfolio companies which have the potential to provide incremental upside to our shareholders. We continue to grow strategically and thoughtfully. In Q1, we funded $306 million, 39% more than the first quarter of 2025. Our investment pipeline remains robust, with $1.2 billion in total unfunded commitments and $300 million of term sheets accepted as of March 31st. As a point of emphasis, 94% of our unfunded commitments remain subject to rigorous ongoing diligence and investment committee approval, while only 6% of these commitments are unconditional. Our originations activity reflects consistent performance across the lending verticals within the Trinity platform, driven by our experienced team of originators and underwriters.

As a direct lender with a proprietary pipeline, we do not rely on syndicated deals and maintain immaterial overlap with other BDCs, providing our investors with access to a highly differentiated portfolio across our five complementary lending verticals. At the same time, we remain firmly committed to disciplined underwriting and strong credit performance, which are essential to our long-term success. The only notable intersect with some other BDCs is through our newly announced joint venture with Capital Southwest, a co-investment vehicle that's focusing on first out senior secured loans in the lower middle market.

This partnership with a fellow internally managed BDC allows us to diversify into a new segment of the lower middle market with a proven partner while minimizing risk and providing stable income for our investors. To briefly touch on the AI and software topic, enterprise SaaS is currently 10% of our portfolio. Many of those are PE-backed lower middle market companies that have successfully integrated AI to enhance their offerings, increasing their value, not eroding it. The strongest companies continue to adapt and execute. We are not seeing deterioration in our software exposure. Rather, companies with top-tier management teams, durable moats, and flexible strategies are increasingly distinguishing themselves. With respect to AI itself, we are not trying to pick winners at the application layer.

Our exposure is focused on the infrastructure side through our equipment financing platform, which has a deep experience financing data centers, GPUs, CPUs, and power assets. That's the backbone of the AI ecosystem, and it benefits regardless of which applications win. We remain focused on building a diversified portfolio that consistently delivers strong returns through all macroeconomic cycles. Our consistent performance is driven by three defining strengths: our differentiated structure, disciplined underwriting, and world-class team.

Our five complementary verticals, sponsor finance, equipment finance, tech lending, asset-based lending, and life sciences, providing meaningful diversification while keeping us firmly within our core competencies. Each vertical is powered by dedicated teams of originators, underwriters, and portfolio managers, forming a scalable, highly efficient operating model that drives results. Structurally, as an internally managed BDC, there is no external manager collecting fees, and our employees, management, and board all own the same shares as our investors, increasing alignment and a shared commitment to consistent dividends and long-term value creation.

We operate like shareholders because we are shareholders. Our structure also supports premium valuation because investors own the management company and the underlying assets. The management incentive fees generated through our managed fund business flow to the BDC, creating incremental income and enhancing value and fueling growth, all for the benefit of our shareholders. Our people are the foundation of everything we've built at Trinity. Our high-performance culture is rooted in humility, trust, integrity, uncommon care, and continuous learning with an entrepreneurial spirit. This culture enables us to consistently attract and retain the best people who are the driving force behind our sustained growth.

Since we started Trinity, the goal has never changed: out earn the dividend, grow the business, and do it the right way. That means originating our own deals, underwriting them to our own vigorous standards, and making important decisions as one internally managed team whose interests fully align with our shareholders, not third-party managers. What we have built and continue to build is a platform with real breadth and growing scale.

With our managed funds platform continuing to expand, we are adding scale and diversification in ways that few BDCs can replicate. That's not an accident, it's structural. We did not stumble into this position. We have strategically built it. The pipeline is active. Our underwriting discipline is intact. We believe our capitalization strategy positions us well to grow earnings power as the market continues to evolve. Trinity is not your typical BDC, and that is precisely the point.

We are differentiated by design and built to last, regardless of market conditions. Now to provide a more fulsome update on our managed funds platform, I'd like to turn the call over to our General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer, Sarah Stanton, who's spearheading many of our corporate development initiatives. Sarah.

Thank you, Kyle. We are encouraged by the strategic and steady growth of our managed funds business, which diversifies our capitalization sources and generates fee income that benefits Trin shareholders. AUM for our managed funds now sits at $400 million across four vehicles, with meaningful new funding capacity coming from our recently announced SBIC fund, as well as expansion into the lower middle market with the addition of our Capital Southwest joint venture I'll discuss in a moment. Our managed funds platform continues to enhance returns for Trin, contributing $0.04 per share to NII in Q1, roughly 8% of the $0.53 total. We continue to thoughtfully raise managed funds to fuel our growth and minimize public shareholder dilution. Q1 brought two noteworthy developments in our managed funds platform.

First, we held an initial close of $45.3 million in equity commitments to our new SBIC fund, constituting more than half of our target of $87.5 million of equity commitments. The SBIC fund will benefit from attractive low-cost leverage from the Small Business Administration at a 2:1 debt-to-equity ratio, and is expected to add more than $260 million of incremental capacity to the platform once it is fully scaled. Earlier this week, we announced our final license approval from the SBA, and we expect to begin deploying out of the fund this quarter. Second, as Kyle mentioned, we entered into a joint venture with Capital Southwest, which provides an efficient avenue for Trinity to expand into a new complementary segment of the lower middle market while maintaining strong credit underwriting alongside a highly respected partner in the space.

With this new JV, we now co-manage several co-investment vehicles that diversify our capitalization sources or allow us to strategically expand our originations power without diluting shareholders. Our managed funds business is generating new income above and beyond the interest income and equity returns from our BDC's portfolio investments, all to the benefit of Trin shareholders. These initiatives demonstrate our ability to strategically grow, expand investment capacity, and further diversify our capital base. I'd now like to turn the call over to CFO Michael Testa to discuss our financial results in more detail. Michael?

Thank you, Sarah. Our operational and financial performance remained strong in the first quarter. We generated $90.1 million, our total investment income, a 38% year-over-year increase, and $44.5 million in net investment income, or $0.53 per basic share, representing 104% coverage of our quarterly distribution. Estimated undistributed taxable income is approximately $68 million, or $0.78 per share, which is equivalent to more than four months of distributions. We continue to reinvest this spillover for the benefit of our shareholders while maintaining a consistent and meaningful distribution. Our platform continues to deliver best-in-class performance. In Q1, we generated 15.8% return on average equity and a 15.8% weighted average effective portfolio yield, both of which are at the top of the BDC sector.

PIK continues to be an immaterial function of our business, with 1% of our income based on PIK. Lastly, approximately 2/3 of our debt portfolio is either fixed rate or already at its interest rate floor, making us less sensitive to rate cuts than many of our peers. Total net assets grew 7% to a record $1.2 billion, up 40% year-over-year. NAV per share moved from $13.42 to $13.27. The decrease reflects realized and unrealized losses in the quarter and a dilutive impact of our annual restricted stock award issuance, partially offset by creative ATM issuances and outearning our distributions. NAV per share remains up 2% year-over-year.

Turning to our capital position, we raised $78.4 million through our equity ATM program during the quarter at an average premium to NAV of 12%. Our net leverage ratio decreased to 1.15x from 1.18x quarter-over-quarter. Total platform liquidity stood at over $500 million as of the end of Q1, including capacity across our managed funds. To discuss our portfolio performance in more detail, I'll now pass the call over to our COO, Gerald Harder. Gerald?

Thank you, Michael. Our portfolio continues to demonstrate exceptional strength driven by broad diversification across 22 industries, with no single borrower representing more than 4% of total exposure. Our largest industry concentration, finance and insurance, accounts for 14.5% of the portfolio at cost and is diversified across 25 portfolio companies. Portfolio quality remained consistent quarter-over-quarter, with 99% of debt investments performing at fair value. On our one to five scale, where five indicates very strong performance, the average internal credit rating was 3.0, a slight improvement over last quarter and reflecting broad-based strengthening across the book. Before discussing our realized and unrealized activity for the quarter, I want to remind everyone of Trinity's quarterly asset valuation process, which is performed in conjunction with third-party valuation firms.

These specialists provide an independent assessment of our asset valuations, and their conclusions, along with the Trinity team's internal assessments, are subject to approval by our board of directors and review by our independent auditor. This rigorous process tests our assumptions and methodologies and provides healthy checks and balances, all of which are in place to give investors confidence in our asset valuations. With that context, our Q1 results included approximately $10 million of net realized losses and $5 million of net unrealized depreciation. The realized loss was primarily driven by the equity conversion of two loans, partially offset by the exit of one warrant position. The net unrealized depreciation reflected a combination of broader market valuation dynamics and mark-to-market adjustments on certain positions. During the first quarter, we saw a strong portfolio churn with $114 million in early repayments.

This figure is a slight increase over the 2025 quarterly average early repayments of approximately $83 million. Additionally, our loan book continues to skew toward a greater number of new portfolio companies. 60% of our portfolio at cost has been originated since the start of 2025, and investments from pre-2024 vintages now comprise less than 12% of the portfolio at cost. Quarter-over-quarter, the number of portfolio companies on nonaccrual went from four to five. During Q1, one debt financing that was on our watch list in Q4 was placed on nonaccrual status. As of March 31st, nonaccruals represented approximately 1% of the total debt portfolio. At quarter end, 88% of total principal was secured by first position liens on enterprise value, equipment, or both.

For enterprise-backed loans, the weighted average loan to value was 19%, consistent with previous quarters. Across our five business verticals, the approximate breakdown of our fundings in Q1 was as follows: 41% to life sciences, 22% to equipment financing, 13% to sponsor finance, 13% to tech lending, and 11% to asset-backed lending. Looking ahead, our portfolio remains defensively-positioned with a strong first lien bias and low loan to values. Our disciplined underwriting culture and diversified platform allow us to continue delivering consistent dividends and net asset value growth. With a shareholder-first mindset, our team remains focused on building a best-in-class BDC that generates sustained long-term value for our investors. Before we conclude our call, we'd like to open the line for questions. Operator?

Thank you. At this time, if you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your keypad. To leave the queue at any time, press star two. Once again, that is star one to ask a question. Our first question will come from Finian O'Shea with Wells Fargo Securities. Please go ahead.

Hey, everyone. Good morning. Thanks for taking my question.

Hey, Fin.

How are you? Yeah. Kyle, I was interested in the opening commentary on your sort of AI focus. That's obviously where, you know, a lot of the money's going in VC. You know, maybe it's not, maybe it's a little risky. It sounds odd, you know, from a debt perspective for the companies that don't work out. There's also, you know, presumably a ton of upside on the equity perspective and seeing if you see those rounds, if your originators look at if they're in the sort of equity flow, and if that's an opportunity to maybe, you know, construct a portfolio of those names, a few losers maybe, but maybe a few spectacular winners as well.

Yeah. Thanks for the question, Fin. Actually, as it relates to AI, we're not taking really any making many at all investments in venture debt as it relates to AI. Almost everything we're doing relative to AI is lower middle market, small public companies, private equity-backed deals, and really kind of primarily all the equipment financing that goes around that. We see this as a great opportunity for a couple reasons. You know, one, we have mission-critical equipment as our collateral.

GPUs, CPUs, power generation equipment. They have real value. They have real value in kind of any environment. We love that, you know, we can get in there and finance equipment that doesn't depend on whether or not a company can become the next, you know, disruptor. Most of our investments there are all focused on primarily equipment or at scale private equity backed lower middle market companies. I hope that answers your question.

Yeah. That's helpful. A follow on the origination, life sciences was the sort of leader this quarter it looks like, seeing if there's anything to that, if it's more, you know, your team being better built out and such or more the market opportunity, the deal flow, and where we might expect that to continue to trend?

Hey, Fin, this is Gerald Harder. Yeah, I don't know that I'd read any long-term trends into that, right? You know, the deal flow can be idiosyncratic from quarter-to-quarter. The life sciences team had a great quarter in Q1. You know, some of that's driven by activity at JPMorgan, which occurs, you know, very early in the quarter. I don't know that I would expect that trend necessarily to continue. That's the great thing about our diversified platform, right? Is our five verticals that, you know, are very complementary and, you know, sometimes we'll see outsized performance from one of them in any given quarter.

Very good. All for me for now. Thanks everybody.

Thanks, Ben.

Thanks.

Thank you. Our next question will come from John Hecht with Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. First question, just kind of on a brief modeling question is, anything to think about, like expense requirements or human resource requirements given your growth into the new fund vehicles? Or should we think of them just, kind of, linear and linear growth as the company grows?

Hey, John, it's Mike. Actually, having the benefit of these all being co-investment vehicles, we're using the same resources, the same, you know, origination platform, portfolio management, credit underwriting. There's limited back office and operations, you know, support for these new vehicles, but that's minimal. It's really the benefit of co-investing along the Trinity platform.

Okay. just general scale across this for the visible future.

Yeah. I mean, we've built this platform intentionally to be able to scale long term. We continue to hire invest in people and systems and infrastructure. You know, a lot of the leverage you get with SBIC particularly, we've done SBIC vehicles. You know, we started with an SBIC asset manager. That is a platform we know and a, you know, a vehicle we know how to operate.

Yep. Maybe can you tell us, like, 'cause you are and you're diversified in several sectors, you know, including some more, call it traditional sectors and then some more tech-oriented sectors. You know, for the pipeline now, are you seeing different sectors where deals are getting done more smoothly than others and/or pricing has moved outward more than others at this point in time?

Yeah. There's been, you know, decreased activity right now as it relates to kinda software and, but there's been kind of significant increase in activity as it relates to manufacturing, infrastructure, AI, and then everything that goes along with that. We're seeing I mean, that market is robust right now, and we love that space because we can generate outsized returns, and it's complicated. There's a lot of problems to figure out and solve for. It's not just as easy as stroking a check.

Because of that, it's not a race to the bottom in pricing, and we can generate kind of alpha returns by getting smart and really understanding the space like we have always done, whether it's space or defense, get in the weeds, understanding it at a granular level, and that's how we can stand out and generate, you know, higher fees and have wider spreads. You know, everything around space, AI infrastructure, and then just generally manufacturing in the U.S. for us is booming right now.

Mm-hmm.

All right. Thank you. Our next question will come from Brian McKenna with Citizens. Please go ahead.

Great. Thanks. Your managed funds business generated about 120 basis points of ROE on an annualized basis in the quarter. As this platform continues to scale from here, how should we think about the overall contribution of the firm-wide ROE over the next several years? Then as you launch new strategies over time, how much on-balance sheet capital do you plan to invest here to help seed some of these newer vehicles?

Yeah, I mean, our goal is for you to think of us one day as a publicly-traded fund management business. That requires us to do two things really well. Continue to build out bespoke manufacturing verticals and really interesting products where we can generate outsized returns on the investments we make. Then go out and provide a sampling of different offerings to private investors, whether it's pension funds or banks or retail investors. What we've done is created multiple funds that meet those investors where they're at. Then give them access to our growing and bespoke interesting manufacturing. You know, it is very difficult to raise capital. We are just chopping wood and grinding away doing it.

You know, money finds good deals, and so we're really focused on, you know, being that really good deal and continuing to build up that manufacturing. Over time, we hope to just continue to build out those funds and create value NAV accretion through the manager and then new income for shareholders as we do it.

Okay. That's helpful. Thanks, Kyle. On the lower middle market opportunity, I appreciate the comments on the new JV and the partnership with a leader in this part of the market. What else can you do here? I guess, how are you thinking about building versus buying versus partnering? Then, I guess, could the lower middle markets ultimately end up becoming the sixth vertical at Trinity?

That's a good question. I'm not gonna give any forward-looking guidance here. We have historically done a really good job of building businesses. I mean, I think what we've done with five different unique businesses that all run independent of one another is, we are good at building them and hiring great talent. In this case, you know, partnering with someone who has been doing this for a very, very long time, and working with them and making joint decisions with them gets us in that business in a really unique way with a great partner and a great track record, giving us exposure, giving us the ability to diversify some of our assets into a new space that's stable and provides great new income. I don't think our strategy is changing.

Got it. Thanks, Kyle.

Thank you. As a reminder, that is star one to ask a question. Our next question will come from Erik Zwick with Lucid Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Thanks. Hello. I believe you used the word robust when you described the pipeline earlier in your prepared comments. Wondering if you could provide a little bit more color in terms of how that looks across your lending verticals and also, you know, where spreads today in the pipeline for what you're underwriting and adding to the portfolio compared to the existing portfolio?

Sure. I mentioned it before, but, I mean, anything around manufacturing and equipment is booming right now. I would say across the platform, we've been growing at a 30%-40% annual growth rate as far as deployment goes. I don't see that changing anytime soon. Each of those businesses and each of our verticals is really growing at a different pace depending on where they're at scale-wise. You know, lower middle market, I think is gonna continue to be a robust business. This baby boomer and transfer of wealth that's happening, it's real. We are seeing it, that's right in our sweet spot, that kind of $20 million-$100 million check sizes. I think you'll continue to see us be really active in that space.

Any thoughts there on kind of how spreads are looking in the market today relative to the existing portfolio?

Yeah. You know, I mean, it depends on the vertical, but we're seeing maybe a little more pressure on, you know, tech lending or life sciences, but then we're seeing some really interesting returns, you know, in the lower middle market and then with our equipment financing business. Overall, it's really nothing notable one way or the other.

Okay. Thanks. I appreciate that. Then just looking at the income statement, the fee income, you know, has really ramped up the past two quarters, and I think some of that is due to the success you're having on the managed fund side. Just curious if there was, in the 1Q number, if there was anything kind of non-recurring in the quarter, if that's a good number to kind of build off going forward.

Yeah. I mean, you did see some elevated repayments this quarter. Those are hard to predict going forward, but I think we do feel comfortable with looking out at least one quarter that that'll continue to, you know, be higher than our normal. That does, you know, prepayments, you get the benefit on, you know, more recent deals, the accelerated OID and prepayment penalty that we have. Those do reoccur. Yeah, there was some of that coming in Q1.

Thank you. Appreciate it. That's all for me today.

Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question will come from Christopher Nolan with Ladenburg Thalmann. Please go ahead.

Hey, guys. On the new vehicles, are they gonna be co-investing the same portfolio companies as Trin?

Hey, Chris. This is Sarah. Thanks for the question. With respect to the SBIC fund, that will be a co-invest vehicle with deals originated by Trin. It will essentially take a piece of, you know, every deal that's eligible for an SBIC fund in accordance with our allocation policy. There are some nuances, as you know, with, you know, SBIC eligibility.

For instance, the portfolio company has to be located in the United States. With respect to the Capital Southwest joint venture, that will be largely transactions originated by Capital Southwest That, you know, those will be kind of first out, senior loans placed into that joint venture. We will be underwriting those alongside Capital Southwest, and we'll get, you know, it's 50/50 governance, so we'll have a say on what assets go into that vehicle.

Thank you. Can we expect higher leverage ratios as you finance the new SBIC sub?

No, that's not the plan. And I'm glad you brought it up. We did something different with the SBIC fund and something different than BDCs have done historically, so we're told, which is we went out and raised third-party capital. Utilizing our Adviser that, Trin shareholders own 100% of, we were able to go out and raise third-party capital, which we can then leverage 2:1, providing us with $270 million of new AUM that we can charge management fees and incentive fees on. We started April first, and we'll use those to co-invest alongside of Trin. We didn't approach it the same way most groups do, which is take your own equity off your balance sheet and get more leverage. We're utilizing other people's money because we have the ability to do that, and that's our strategy, with the Trinity Capital Adviser.

Great. Final question. As the outlook for growing in the lower middle market area, does that include, start making equity investments in these companies and possibly taking control positions?

No. We're focused on being a lender. As you know, our returns historically for 20 years now have been primarily rate and fee income, and that is still the vast majority of our income. The returns we generate are not based on equity upside or warrants. The strategy's not changing.

Great. Thanks, Kyle.

Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question will come from Paul Johnson with KBW. Please go ahead.

Does the SBIC fund that was recently attained for the RIA fund, does that mean that it's unlikely going forward that there would ever be an SBIC license eligible for the BDC on balance sheet? Or is it just that it's just way more valuable within the RIA to allow you to raise capital under, like, a SBIC fund type of structure?

Yeah. Good question. For us, it's way more valuable because, you know, we don't have to issue new shares, right, at Trin to pull together that $70 million. Generating management fees and incentive fees on new capital is just new revenue, right? Without issuing new shares. This is the strategy. We want to deleverage Trin BDC over time. Doing more vehicles like this gives us more liquidity and new income so that we can deleverage Trin over time, putting us in a great spot to have liquidity and the ability to be opportunistic. The more off-balance sheet vehicles we can ramp up, it just gives us more control and de-risks, you know, the BDC.

Thank you. This does conclude our question-and-answer session, so I'd like to turn the call back over to Kyle Brown, CEO, for closing remarks.

On behalf of the Trinity Capital team, thank you for joining the call today. We appreciate your continued interest and investment in Trinity Capital, and we look forward to updating you on Q2 results during our next earnings call on August fifth. Have a great day. Thanks.

Thank you, ladies and gentlemen. This brings us to the end of today's meeting. We appreciate your time and participation. You may now disconnect.