RBBN

Greetings, welcome to the Ribbon Communications first quarter 2026 financial results conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A question and answer session will follow the formal presentation. If anyone should require operator assistance, please press star zero on your telephone keypad. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce Fahad Najam, Senior Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Good afternoon, and welcome to Ribbon's first quarter 2026 financial results conference call. I'm Fahad Najam, SVP Corporate Strategy and Investor Relations at Ribbon Communications. Also on the call today are Bruce McClelland, Ribbon's Chief Executive Officer, and John Townsend, Ribbon's Chief Financial Officer. Today's call is being webcast live and will be archived on the investor relations section of our website at rbbn.com, where both our press release and supplemental slides are currently available. Certain matters we will be discussing today, including the business outlook and financial projections for the second quarter of 2026 and beyond, are forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to risk and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties are discussed in our documents filed with the SEC, including our most recent Form 10-K.

I refer you to our Safe Harbor statement included in the supplemental financial information posted on our website. In addition, we will present non-GAAP financial information on this call. Reconciliations to the applicable GAAP measures are included in the earnings press release we issued earlier today, as well as in the supplemental financial information we prepared for this conference call, which again are both available on the investor relations section of our website. Now, I would like to turn the call over to Bruce. Bruce.

Great. Thanks, Fahad. Good afternoon, everyone, and thanks for joining us today to discuss our first quarter results and outlook for the rest of 2026. As highlighted on our last earnings call, we ended 2025 with a broadening customer base and increasing backlog, and we continue to expect a much stronger second half with meaningful improvements starting this quarter. Our first quarter revenue was in line with our expectations and consistent with the industry dynamics we outlined back in February, causing a slower than normal start to the year. Visibility into our customers' plans for the rest of the year and confidence in second half growth has improved since the beginning of the year, particularly around the specific areas we highlighted where we were being cautious.

Sales in the first quarter were near the midpoint of our guidance, with stronger than expected demand in India, particularly with Bharti Airtel, who was a 10% plus customer in the quarter. This was offset by lower sales than we anticipated the U.S. tier one service providers, which I'll comment on more in a minute. This shift in mix resulted in lower gross margins and earnings for the quarter. When comparing year-over-year, as we expected, sales were lower in both of our segments, with Cloud & Edge down 8% and IP Optical Networks down 14% in the first quarter. From an end market perspective, the majority of the year-over-year decline was due to lower sales to service providers in multiple regions.

Within the Cloud & Edge segment, sales to service providers declined approximately 5% year-over-year, primarily in the U.S. region across a number of smaller customers. Verizon remained a 10%+ customer in the first quarter. While voice network transformation activity was lower than we'd expected, impacting our first quarter results, deployment rates are increasing, and we anticipate a much stronger second half in 2026. Expansion into the Frontier footprint remains a significant incremental opportunity. Within the IP Optical segment, sales to service providers in the Asia PAC region were down year-over-year following a strong performance from the region last year. Demand in India was stronger than we initially expected, and we are increasingly confident in our outlook in that region for the year ahead.

IP Optical sales in Europe in the first quarter were lower year-over-year, primarily due to the completion of a long-term support and maintenance contract with a tier-one service provider customer, reducing our IP Optical maintenance revenue, partially offset by maintenance increases with our growing installed base. Importantly, IP Optical bookings in the quarter were strong at 1.5x, indicating a much improved quarter ahead. Within the enterprise market vertical, aggregate sales to enterprise, defense, and critical infrastructure customers declined approximately 6% in the first quarter versus last year, with lower Cloud & Edge sales to U.S. government agencies, partially offset by increased IP Optical business with international defense agencies. Voice network modernization projects with several U.S. federal agencies continued to progress towards full deployment in the coming months, and we expect further capacity expansion and new projects in the second half of the year.

These modernization projects are mission critical to our Department of Defense agencies as these legacy infrastructures are becoming increasingly expensive to maintain. Consolidated gross margin in the quarter was approximately 300 basis points below our expectations, primarily due to the lower network transformation professional services revenue with elevated service expenses. We believe voice modernization initiatives remain a strategic priority for service providers such as Verizon, and we expect activity to accelerate in the second half of the year. In order to support the increased work, we are deliberately retaining key resources and expertise even though revenue is lower in the first half. While this decision impacts gross margins and near-term profitability, we believe it positions us well to execute efficiently as volumes increase later in the year. This is a deliberate investment in execution readiness.

Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was -$8 million below our guidance range due to lower gross profit dollars. Overall book-to-bill in the quarter was 1.1x, with IP Optical at 1.5x, supporting the increased expectations in Q2 and second half of the year. Now a few more highlights in each of our operating segments. In our IP Optical Networks business, we had a number of key wins in several strategic areas, including in the rapidly growing Data Center Interconnect space, we had three new wins across multiple geographies, including Europe, the U.S., and Asia. Two of the projects involve a regional service provider expanding their network to support data center connectivity in their regions. One of the projects is a major biotech company connecting all of their major data center locations with a new high-capacity optical network.

It's great to see our momentum picking up in this crucial high-growth area. Similarly, we had five new project awards in the quarter from major energy producers and distributors in countries such as Germany, Vietnam, Singapore, and Colombia. They are all focused on building out secure private command and control networks to keep pace with the critical nature of their business. In fact, two of the new 400 Gb networks are leveraging quantum key distribution encryption for enhanced security using our Apollo optical transport platform. In Africa, we have received an award for a major fiber network expansion across three countries, which we expect will exceed over $10 million with first revenue in the second quarter.

Here in the U.S., we now have more than 30 customers who have already deployed our IP and optical products that have been awarded BEAD grants, where we expect incremental new business once funds are finally distributed. Similarly, in Cloud & Edge segment, we had a lot of activity in the first quarter around several strategic areas. One of the key areas of focus for many enterprise and service provider customers is the adoption of cloud-native technologies to lower cost and reduce complexity, whether in their own private data centers or in public cloud. We reached full commercial deployment of our cloud-native SBC solution with a leading service provider in Japan in the first quarter and have a very extensive program underway with a tier one provider in Europe.

This is a fundamental shift in how networks are designed and how software is managed and deployed to achieve higher degrees of automation, elasticity, and reliability. Public cloud is the ultimate destination for many customers, which is why we've established a new partnership with Amazon Web Services that we recently announced at MWC in February. Our first two customers are now live and providing commercial service with our cloud-native SBC running in AWS. This is an important strategic milestone and reinforces our leadership position in cloud-native secure voice infrastructure. Over time, we see opportunities to help enable emerging agentic AI platforms to seamlessly support voice within their application environment. In the enterprise market, the financial services vertical is a key focus area for us, where we are widely deployed across many of the leading banks and insurance companies.

Within the quarter, we were excited to further expand our presence, adding a new top 20 bank to our customer base in the U.S. As mentioned on our last earnings call, we had significant voice network transformation orders in the fourth quarter, and we are executing against these new contracts. These programs typically convert to revenue over six to 12 months or longer on large deployments, which positions us for a strong second half. Finally, we continue to make good progress preparing to launch our new AIOps and Automation platform, Acumen, with lead customer Optimum, which we expect to go live later this quarter. We have a growing pipeline of customers spanning a number of different use cases, including mobile and fixed wireless services, emergency E911 services, fiber to the home internet service assurance, and several others.

With that, I'll turn the call over to John to provide additional financial details on our results and then come back on to discuss outlook for the second quarter. John?

Thanks, Bruce, and good afternoon, everyone. Let's begin with financial results at a consolidated level. In the first quarter of 2026, Ribbon generated revenues $163 million, a decrease of 10% from the prior year, driven by the factors Bruce outlined and which I will touch on shortly in the segmental discussion. Consolidated non-GAAP gross margin was abnormally low in the quarter at 45.8%, down 280 basis points year-on-year, primarily due to lower professional services revenue with continued higher costs to support the anticipated ramp in the second half. Non-GAAP operating expenses were $87 million, an increase of $1 million year-over-year, driven by FX headwinds of approximately $4 million, offset by expense savings. This resulted in marginally higher R&D costs.

Most of the FX impact was a result of the strong Israeli shekel. Adjusted EBITDA was a loss of $8 million, a $14 million decrease from the prior year, driven principally by the lower revenues and gross margins. Net interest expense in the quarter was $10 million. Quarterly non-GAAP net loss was $8 million, $4 million worse year-over-year. This generated a non-GAAP diluted loss per share of $0.05, which is a decrease of $0.02 versus the prior year. Now let's look at the results for our two business segments. In our IP Optical Networks results, we recorded first quarter revenues of $63 million, a 14% decrease versus the prior year, which is driven principally by lower sales in Asia Pacific and lower maintenance revenue.

Encouragingly, we had stronger IP Optical bookings in the quarter, with a book-to-bill ratio of 1.5x, underpinning our expectations for improving top-line performance as we proceed through the year. First quarter non-GAAP gross margin for IP Optical is 28.4%, similar to last year, but lower than our target level due to the higher mix of India revenues and also fixed cost absorption. We expect this to improve materially in the second quarter and for the rest of the year. IP Optical Networks adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was a loss of $16 million, a $1.7 million higher loss than the prior year, driven by the low revenues. Now on to our Cloud & Edge business. We generated first quarter revenue of $100 million, down 8% year-over-year.

Non-GAAP gross margins were 56.8%, down 575 basis points from the prior year, primarily due to lower professional services revenues while carrying higher service costs in readiness for the anticipated second-half ramp in voice network transformation deployments. As a result, adjusted EBITDA for the segment was $8 million, or 8% of revenue, and down $12 million year-over-year on the lower revenues and gross margins. Cash flow from operations was a usage of $22 million in the quarter, resulting from the lower billings and typical seasonal employee-related expenses. Closing cash was $70 million, and our net debt leverage ratio was 2.9x. Total CapEx spend in the quarter was $3 million, and this is in line with our normal run rate.

In conclusion, we remain focused on operational execution and cost management and are confident that we will see meaningful growth in the second half of the year, improving both revenue and margins in both segments, which we expect to drive stronger profitability. With that, I'll turn the call back to Bruce.

Great. Thanks, John. As we move forward through the balance of the year, our confidence in the broader setup for the business continues to improve. While first half results remain influenced by customer timing dynamics, the demand environment across our core markets is strengthening and our pipeline continues to expand. We are making targeted investments in execution readiness so we can capitalize on the opportunities already in front of us. Importantly, we entered the year with solid momentum reflected in the strong bookings over the last six months and a healthy pipeline across service provider, enterprise, EMEA, and Asia PAC markets. Looking ahead to the second quarter, we expect meaningful revenue acceleration from enterprise and EMEA customers, continued sequential improvement at our major Tier 1 service providers, and ongoing strength in India.

In the second half, we anticipate growth across practically all regions and broad-based improvement across most of our markets, including a return to higher deployment levels at Verizon. Beyond that, we remain well-positioned to capture incremental growth opportunity from increasing traction in key growth pillars of our business. The largest market opportunity continues to be the replacement of legacy voice communication infrastructure within service provider networks with modern cloud-based technology. In addition to the large Verizon project, in the fourth quarter, we had more than $50 million of bookings from more than 12 service provider customers, where we were replacing legacy voice switch infrastructure with modern software-based systems. These projects will continue for most of the year, and we anticipate a re-acceleration of our Ribbon program in the second half of the year.

In a growing number of cases, customers are choosing to move to a cloud-native technology stack, either deployed in their own private data centers or in a public cloud environment. Ribbon is certainly the technology leader in this area. The second key focus area of growth for Ribbon this year is in the enterprise and government market sectors, where we are uniquely positioned with our voice and data portfolio. We expect this to be a very strong segment for us this quarter, with a number of large enterprise projects across both our IP optical and secure voice portfolio. Within the U.S. government sector, we have several large voice modernization projects underway where we are heads down the first half of the year, migrating end users onto a new cloud-based platform and anticipate new opportunities and further capacity growth in the second half of the year.

Our third major focus area this year is the exponential growth in data traffic and the massive investment in broadband infrastructure. We have a significant number of projects already underway in the second quarter, as highlighted by the strong book-to-bill in Q1. This includes several major network upgrade projects in Europe and Africa, further growth in India, large projects in the Asia PAC region, and continued strength with defense agencies in Europe. Finally, our Acumen AIOps initiatives continue to generate strong customer interest, with several proof-of-concept discussions progressing well across multiple target use cases. An integration of secure carrier-grade voice capability with emerging AI and agentic AI platforms is gaining traction. This is an area where Ribbon is uniquely differentiated.

Our recently announced partnership with Amazon Web Services is an important strategic milestone and reinforces our leadership position in cloud-native secure voice infrastructure. This partnership is already generating increased customer engagement and pipeline activity. Overall, we remain confident in the broader setup for the year and continue to expect stronger performance starting this quarter. Based on the foregoing, for the second quarter, we expect revenue in a range of $185 million-$195 million and adjusted EBITDA in a range of $9 million-$14 million. In summary, the market dynamics we discussed 90 days ago are unfolding as anticipated, and we remain confident in our outlook for accelerating performance in the second half of 2026.

Before we open up for questions, I just wanted to take a moment to highlight we have also made an announcement this afternoon that John will be leaving the company for another opportunity back in the telecom services segment. While I'm sorry to see John leave and fully understand his decision, I'm very excited to announce the promotion of Rick Marmurek to the role of Ribbon Chief Financial Officer. Rick has been an important leader in the company for more than 15 years, playing a key role in building our global finance organization. He is absolutely the right person for the job and will help drive the next phase of execution for the company. John, we wish you well on your next endeavor.

Thanks, Bruce. I'd really like to say I've enjoyed my time here at Ribbon. I remain confident that the company has a bright future. Rick, I know you'll do a great job. Congratulations.

Thanks, John and Bruce. I'm very excited about this new opportunity and look forward to continuing to work closely with the teams across the business to drive sustainable growth and operational excellence.

Great. Well, thanks, Rick. Operator, why don't we now open up for a few questions?

We'll now be conducting a question and answer session. If you would like to ask your question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. One moment please while we poll for questions. Thank you. Our first question is from Michael Genovese with Rosenblatt Securities.

Thanks. First let me just say, John, congratulations on the new opportunity. It was nice working with you at Ribbon and just look forward to staying in touch. I guess, Bruce, the question that I'll start with is you seem to have a lot of confidence of improvement in the second quarter. The Verizon Cloud & Edge sounds like it doesn't really get meaningfully better until the second half of the year. Can you just talk more about, you know, Verizon's being stronger in the second half of the year than the first half of the year and just more detail on that?

Hey, Mike. I know what John says thank you, by the way, with me. I think you read it correctly. You know, we don't expect a significant increase in revenue here in the second quarter, with our top customer. Although I think the, you know, the improvement in deployment rates will progressively improve throughout the quarter. You know, the growth in the second quarter is focused in a number of different areas. In particular, we expect a very strong quarter from enterprise customers in North America. We've got a great set of programs there that are both in the Cloud & Edge piece of the business, as well as in our IP Optical Networks business around some of the critical infrastructure deployments we have going here in the North America market.

That's a big part of the growth. The EMEA region, both kind of continental Europe as well as Africa, we're looking forward to a pretty strong quarter. I think that's where, you know, the step-up is coming from here in the second quarter. As we get into third and fourth quarter, in addition to growth around Verizon growth relative to the first half of the year, obviously, you know, we've got a variety of different increases expected from U.S. federal market and additional capacity expansions there, growth in the Asia PAC region and again, even a stronger second half in Europe. It's pretty broad-based and a nice funnel ahead of us this year.

Great. Okay, great. I noticed on your presentation, there's a slide about the number of data centers in rural areas, which I find interesting, but I'm wondering about the correlation between that and, you know, it seems like what would be more compelling is not the location of the data centers, but how many are being built by sort of regional service providers versus hyperscalers? I'm just curious if there is a relationship there between the location being rural and the regional service provider? I mean, are we supposed to draw? Like, can you just help me draw these conclusions?

I think the correlation isn't so much the regional service providers building the data center. It's leveraging the network infrastructure they're putting in place for their fiber to the home and capacity expansions to then pick up additional traffic and interconnect into more regional data centers as they build out into those areas. You know, as you know, I think that's kind of our sweet spot is with the regional operators and, you know, I even mentioned the, you know, the growing opportunity around BEAD where funding's available to be able to build out middle mile capacity.

It's a matter of how do you put as much traffic on that as you can. We see that in the North America market, and then we see it in a variety of international markets as well, where the, you know, the fiber connectivity is coming from an operator or a service provider, not necessarily just dedicated, dark fiber circuits.

Great. Then finally from me before I pass it on, could you just flesh out more for me the agentic opportunity and how you guys support that and play into agentic AI? It's a little bit of a newer part of the story, so I'd like to be brought up to speed there.

I'd like to think of it in kind of two different aspects. One is certainly this new platform we're launching called Acumen, where we're basically working with our current customers to add an agentic AI-driven operations center, if you will, to help them manage their network, create their own agents to be able to automate what today is done, you know, in a more human way into a much more automated way. We're building on top of a couple of different platforms we already have deployed, in particular our analytics platform, which is pretty widely deployed, collecting vast amounts of information off the network and then feeding that into an agentic layer, into a large language model, and basically learning different characteristics of the network and being able to take advantage of that.

That's, that's one aspect of it. As I mentioned, we're launching late this quarter kinda commercially with our lead customer, Optimum, here in the U.S. The second part of how we see an opportunity for us is as the use of agentic AI becomes more prevalent in enterprises, you know, we think the connection between the user and the agentic applications will be voice driven. There's, you know, a need to basically protect that boundary and be able to facilitate the voice traffic, similar to what you would do in a Microsoft Teams or Zoom or a Webex type application. We are able to repurpose our voice platforms into that type of use case.

The first launch customers on the AWS deployment that I talked about are effectively using our session border controller in that way to interconnect into their agentic AI applications. We think, you know, there's a real opportunity there as, you know, new types of agentic AI platforms are deployed for us to have a play there very, again, very similar to how UCaaS platforms are working.

Great. Thanks so much.

Yeah. Thank you, Mike.

As a reminder please press star one from your telephone keypad. Our next question is from Tim Savageaux with Northland Capital Markets.

Hey, good afternoon. Sorry about that. You talked about couple of the product drivers for the Q2, the sequential growth in Q2, but I don't know if you talked about that from a segment standpoint, whether you expect, you know, a meaningful difference in growth rate by segments. You've had 1.5 book-to-bills in each of them in the last quarter or two. Any color there, and then I follow?

Yeah. No, good question, Tim. We expect growth in both segments here in the second quarter versus the first quarter. As you just pointed out, the bookings over the last six months, you know, combined have been very solid for us. We're expecting both segments to be growing. I do believe the IP Optical segment will grow more than the Cloud & Edge segment in the second quarter. You know, as I mentioned, in North America, we've got a number of great opportunities for growth here in the various different markets I mentioned.

You know, I highlighted a number of kinda interesting wins in the first quarter that helped build the backlog, some around data center interconnect as we start to deploy our new 9408 optical transport platform into that market, and then a number of critical infrastructure. Again, a kind of a broad range of different customers, Colombia, Vietnam, Europe, Germany. You know, all of those are kinda contributing to the growth here in the second quarter. I think Cloud & Edge would obviously be growing faster, you know, as the Verizon deployments kinda pick back up again. And that'll be, you know, a key part of the growth into the second half of the year.

Okay. Just as an aside, I just wanna check in. Those sound like absolute dollar comments. I know IP Optical Networks is smaller, so I'm gonna check on that versus percentages. The main follow-up question was, you know, if we look at Q1 results, is it fair to look at the year-on-year declines Cloud & Edge? Is that, you know, mostly Verizon or not at all? I know they stayed on the 10% list, I assume they are down pretty good. Then maybe a little more in-depth on the IP Optical Networks decline, year-over-year. I guess India was up, so what was the real weakness there?

Yeah. Three good questions. The first one around dollars versus percentages for second quarter. I think from a dollars perspective, the IP Optical Networks business will be up more from a dollars or revenue perspective. I think that translates probably into a larger percentage increase at the same time. Yeah, we don't guide, you know, each individual segment, but I think that's the trend we're expecting to see in the second quarter. The question on kind of year-over-year, what was down in the first quarter, was it Verizon versus other things. Actually, Verizon was perhaps the smallest piece year-over-year from Q1 last year to Q1 this year. It was really actually not one specific thing. It was a number of kind of smaller projects that we had with different service providers.

I think we were down 5%, 6% in the first quarter on Cloud & Edge. It wasn't a big drop, and it wasn't one individual customer, kind of a series of smaller things. I think in the last question, which was similar around the IP Optical decline, the Asia PAC region in the first quarter, including India, was fairly consistent. You know, maybe off $1 million or $2 million, something like that. Very consistent year-over-year, with India being the strongest piece of that market for us. The weaker parts was really around the European market and a little bit North America as well. I think Europe was the kind of the largest contributor to the decline in the first quarter.

You know, our business in Europe, in particular, is concentrated with a whole variety of different types of critical infrastructure customers, railways, oil and gas, big in defense. You know, those projects tend to be project-based. You know, you win something, you complete it, and then you go, you know, find the next program. It can be a little bit lumpy. As you've seen, though, with the bookings metric, clearly that was a real positive and, you know, sets us up for, you know, stronger growth here in the second, third quarter.

That was my last question, actually. Talking about that IP Optical book-to-bill, and you guys highlighted what's happening data center interconnect-wise, you know, pretty significantly here in the report. You know, say you gave us an order of magnitude, I think, on this contribution from your big Africa deal. I wonder, you know, to what extent do you see either what you've booked order-wise or the opportunity pipeline or however you'd wanna term it in terms of additional color, how you would look at this DCI opportunity in terms of materiality relative to either book-to-bill or the overall IP Optical business? Thanks.

Yeah. You know, the data center interconnect space was not a big focus area for us, say, three or four years ago. You know, we really, as you know, have been very focused on. You know, we can't do everything, we're focused in on the critical infrastructure segment, where, you know, highly secure, robust, capabilities are really crucial. That was a real sweet spot. Building out our capabilities around middle mile, IP MPLS, and the access and aggregation layers of the network, which is one of the big strengths in our India deployments. The third leg in the stool really for us is around data center interconnect.

You know, we kinda started in full earnest last year with the launch of two new platforms, our 2700 series, which is a very dense aggregation platform, for aggregating 400 Gb IP clients. The other optical transport platform, which was built for the data center, basically built for enterprise, different form factor, you know, a compact modular sled design that allows us to leverage pluggable optics. Those were the two new products that we launched last year focused around data center. That's allowed us to start to generate wins and kinda grow into that market. Relative to the first two markets, it's small for us today, but we've, you know, improved our go-to market to match the new products that have come out.

You know, we do think it's a stronger growth path for us. It's a little hard for us to forecast revenue yet at this point, because we're kind of, you know, building wins as we go. You know, I think you'll hear a lot more about it from us in the future. Obviously, there's a ton of spend going into data centers, and we wanna be able to go after that market, both through our service provider customers as well as direct into different types of data centers.

Great. Thanks very much.

Okay. Thank you, Tim.

Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. I would like to turn the floor back over to Bruce McClelland for any closing remarks.

Okay, great. Thanks, Paul.

Oh, there's one question there.

Maybe, maybe Russ has squeezed in on the, on the, question line. Paul, if you can check with him.

Yep. Our next question is from-

Awesome. Great. Great. Hey, guys. Thanks for squeezing me in. Is it fair to say, Bruce, that visibility into the sustainability on the India CapEx side has improved since last quarter, and that's largely intact now?

Yes. You know, on the last call, I talked about really three different areas that we were being cautious on around the growth in India, around plans with Verizon and others around network transformation. We feel like we've got, you know, better improved visibility. Clearly, you know, the India market is remaining very strong. In fact, it was a catalyst for us to do well in the revenue line for Q1. I think we're feeling, you know, better. I think the enterprise market, both critical infrastructure on our IP Optical side and then large enterprise around our secure voice looks really robust for the rest of the year.

The final area that I, you know, I've been, you know, just cautious on is around the U.S. federal space. I mentioned, you know, we have a couple of large programs that need to get into full deployment, so we can start adding capacity to that. Those were the areas that I think we were more cautious on and feel better about all of those as we sit here kind of 90 days later.

Thank you.

Okay, Russ. Thank you.

Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. I'd like to hand the floor back over to Bruce McClelland for any closing remarks.

Well, great. Thanks for everyone joining us today. You know, just to reiterate, I guess the key messages here, you know, we, as we just summarized, I think we feel like we have good visibility going into the rest of the year, starting with improvements here in the second quarter. Look forward to keeping everyone updated. We have a whole slate of investor conferences over the next couple of months, and look forward to keeping you updated with our progress. Thank you.

This concludes today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you again for your participation.