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Hello, and welcome to Ouster's first quarter 2026 earnings conference call. All lines have been place on mute, to prevent any background noise. After today's presentation and remarks, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. If you would like to ask a question during this time, simply press star followed by the numbers one one on your telephone keypad. If you would like to withdraw your question, please press star one one again. The call today is being recorded and a replay of the call will be available on Ouster investor relations website an hour after the completion of this call. I would like to now turn the conference over to Chen Geng, Senior Vice President of Strategic Finance and Treasurer. Please go ahead.

Thank you, operator. Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining our first quarter 2026 earnings call. Today on the call, we have Chief Executive Officer, Angus Pacala, and Chief Financial Officer, Ken Gianella. As a reminder, after the market closed today, Ouster issued its financial news release, which was also furnished on a Form 8-K and is posted in the investor relations section of the Ouster website. Today's conference call will be available for webcast replay in the investor relations section of our website. I want to remind everyone that on this call, we will make certain forward-looking statements.

These include all statements about our competitive position, product advantages and growth opportunities, anticipated industry trends, our business and strategic priorities, our OpEx targets, the impact of our recent acquisition, the development and expansion of our products, our products' capabilities and performance, and our revenue guidance for the second quarter of 2026 and long-term financial targets. Actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results and trends to differ materially from those contained in or implied by these forward-looking statements are set forth in the first quarter 2026 financial results release and in the quarterly and annual reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Any forward-looking statements that we make on this call are based on assumptions as of today, and other than as may be required by law, Ouster assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements which speak only as of their respective dates. In today's conference call, we will discuss both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP measures discussed today is included in the financial results release. I would now like to turn the call over to Angus.

Hello, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. Over the last four months, we have seen the culmination of over 10 years of Ouster innovation, strategy, and execution. In February, we acquired Stereolabs, a pioneer in AI camera vision and perception solutions, creating a world-leading sensing and perception company for Physical AI. We are already seeing the strategic rationale transform into operational reality with a resoundingly positive customer response. Just yesterday, we launched Rev 8, the world's first native color lidar and a paradigm shift in AI perception. To perceive the world in full context requires a combination of structure and color, and Rev 8 is the first sensor to unify both.

With native color across our entire product portfolio of cameras and LiDAR, we have further strengthened Ouster as the foundational sensing and perception platform for Physical AI as we provide unified products and solutions that accelerate customer innovation and unlock new applications that sense, think, act, and learn in the physical world. Now, turning to an update of our Q1 2026 results. Ouster had a strong start to the year, achieving our 13th straight quarter of product revenue growth with over 12,600 LiDAR and camera ships, reflecting robust demand for our expanded product portfolio. With $49 million in revenue, we achieved another record product revenue quarter on a strong 43% gross margin, overcoming headwinds from a continuing constrained supply chain environment.

We ended the quarter with adjusted EBITDA loss of $7 million and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and short-term investments of $175 million. Our LiDAR business grew approximately 44% year-over-year, with strong contributions from our industrial vertical, where we secured several large deals to power industrial automation. We significantly expanded our long-term relationship with a large European industrial company for port automation. In another key win, supported by our NDAA compliant centers, we secured a deal with an autonomous earthmoving company to retrofit heavy equipment to support a project with the U.S. Department of Defense. Ouster's smart infrastructure solutions business continues to validate our end-to-end system strategy. We saw continued momentum from our expanded ITS distributor network as we won contracts to deploy Ouster BlueCity across the U.S.

Securing large million-dollar deals to provide next-generation traffic actuation systems in Arizona, Michigan, and the Northeast U.S. We were also proud to announce the expansion of Ouster BlueCity with the Georgia Department of Transportation to modernize the region's traffic infrastructure. The turnkey Ouster BlueCity traffic management solution will be deployed at more than 30 intersections across the greater Atlanta area in preparation for the FIFA World Cup and beyond. BlueCity is bringing Physical AI to smart cities around the world with over 700 contracted site deployments across intersections, mid-blocks and highways, reinforcing Ouster's position as a leading solution for transportation departments seeking to transition from legacy traffic solutions into dynamic, digitally integrated, 3D LiDAR-powered traffic management solutions for actuation and analytics.

We also saw strength from Ouster Gemini in the quarter, recognizing $ millions of revenue from a significant customer renewal. Leveraging our unified platform and proprietary deep learning perception model trained on over 4 million labeled objects, Gemini empowers our customers to operate more efficiently and safely at over 550 sites around the world. In the months since the acquisition, Stereolabs has already proven to be a perfect complement. We're seeing benefits of our unified platforms through the ability to immediately help customers combine multiple modalities of sensors and AI compute, easing the friction of combining disparate technologies and accelerating our customers' go-to-market efforts. The rapid integration and commercial success of our expanded camera vision portfolio provided tailwinds during the quarter, and business momentum exceeded our initial expectations.

We are seeing strong demand from companies building foundational AI models and advanced robotics platforms. Leading companies around the world are relying on our expanded product portfolio to train, scale, and deploy the next generation of autonomous delivery, advanced manipulation, and precision agriculture. We continue to see large opportunities for Stereolabs to augment Ouster's perception roadmap to meet Physical AI's increasing demand for sophisticated multi-sensor fusion. By merging our proprietary AI models with Stereolabs' neural depth capabilities, we are delivering the specialized perception logic and application-specific software required to revolutionize safety and efficiency across the global supply chain. Continuing the momentum and our leadership in cameras for Physical AI, we released the Stereolabs ZED X Nano, which is shipping this month.

This product sets a new standard for wrist-mount stereo vision, delivering 2.3 megapixels RGB with neural depth, zero copy capture data pipeline, and ruggedized GMSL2 connectivity in a 40% smaller form factor. Like all Stereolabs cameras, the ZED X Nano comes with a purpose-trained neural depth model, specifically tuned for its capabilities, and further highlighting Ouster's deep vertical integration from hardware to software. Engineered for robotic manipulation and high throughput data collection, we are helping robotics teams scale imitation and reinforcement learning for manipulation tasks. Leveraging Stereolabs' industry-leading image quality and end-to-end capture latency, our customers can now overcome critical bottlenecks by capturing high-resolution RGB and stereo camera depth images at up to 120 frames per second for training data and manipulation learning. Now turning to yesterday's highly anticipated product announcement.

I'm truly excited to introduce Rev 8, the world's first native color LiDAR sensors powered by next-generation L4 Ouster silicon. We are redefining the meaning of LiDAR itself with native color sensing implemented directly on the silicon. By fusing color and 3D data through physics and leveraging Fujifilm color science, our patented native color technology unlocks megapixel resolution and stunning image quality with ultra-low latency and perfect spatial temporal alignment. We work with industry-leading camera experts to ensure Rev 8 delivers uncompromising industrial-grade imaging. Delivering an exceptional 48-bit color depth and 116 dB of dynamic range, Ouster's native color data maintains performance in lighting extremes from 1 lux to 2 million lux. We live in a world where a machine's capacity to perceive is constrained by the capability of its sensors.

Rev 8 is built to generate the petabytes of rich native color 3D information necessary to build the next generation of Physical AI systems and train new world models. For the first time, a single LiDAR sensor can understand road signs, interpret brake lights, or simply capture the richness of planet Earth in survey-grade colorized maps. Featuring radically upgraded OS0, OS1, and OSDome sensors and the new flagship 256-channel OS1 Max, Rev 8 delivers industry-leading resolution, range, and reliability designed for functional safety, affordability, and scale. Rev 8 represents the culmination of years of research and development, innovative design, and rigorous testing. It is the most advanced family of LiDAR Ouster has ever developed and sets a new standard in sensing. All of this is a testament to Ouster's digital-first approach, which starts with our proprietary system on chip.

Rev 8 is powered by our breakthrough L4 Ouster silicon with up to 256 channels of resolution honed over years of development by our in-house silicon design team. The L4 architecture features both the 128-channel L4 and the 256-channel L4 Max, each embedded with Fujifilm color science resulting in exquisite color data and hardware-enabled high dynamic range. The L4 boasts 42.9 gigamax of processing power, detection of up to 20 trillion photons per second, a 40 kilohertz measurement rate with picosecond timing precision, and is capable of processing up to 10.4 million points per second and 22.4 gigabits per second of data bandwidth off chip. We've paired it with a completely redesigned light engine featuring all new custom pixel arrays and our most advanced driver topology ever.

Enhanced by picosecond timing precision, this architecture delivers unprecedented levels of range, resolution, and accuracy across the entire Rev 8 OS family. The cornerstone of the new Rev 8 family is the flagship OS1 Max, a sensor without compromise. With double the resolution of the Rev 7 OS2 and a quarter of the size, the OS1 Max packs an incredible amount of capability into a small, ruggedized form factor. The OS1 Max provides best-in-class performance with 256 channels of high-definition sensing up to 500 meters in all directions with a 45-degree vertical field of view. No other 360-degree spinning LiDAR comes close. Purpose-built for high-speed autonomy, smart infrastructure, and heavy industrial applications, the OS1 Max is capable of resolving the smallest objects at long range. Like all Rev 8 sensors, the OS1 Max offers exceptional native color imaging.

We didn't stop there. We set out to build the safest family of 3D lidar sensors ever created. This took years of rigorous engineering work, testing, and design validation. The result, Rev 8 is life-saving technology made right. Ruggedized for the real world with automotive-grade reliability that can withstand the harshest production environments. Ouster now offers a set of products to break into the multi-billion dollar market for industrial safety sensors long dominated by legacy players by replacing outdated 2D laser scanners and cameras with high-resolution, 3D native color lidars. Every sensor is auto-grade, cybersecure, and designed for ASIL B, SIL 2, and PL d functional safety certifications, ensuring continuous uptime and industry-leading reliability. Importantly, this is a platform built to scale. Rev 8 was designed for low-cost, high-volume production deployments to support mass market adoption.

With a planned 10-year production life, Rev 8 sensors provide the long-term program stability and scalability required for global commercial rollouts. With Rev 8, we're delivering the safest, most feature-rich, secure, and reliable family of 3D LiDAR sensors we have ever built. We hit the ground running. Earlier today, we announced the integration of our new Rev 8 family across the NVIDIA Jetson platform, bringing native color LiDAR to the NVIDIA robotics ecosystem for the first time. With dedicated support for Rev 8 across NVIDIA JetPack, Isaac Sim, and Jetson AGX Orin and Thor, we're ensuring rich, high-fidelity 3D digital LiDAR data is fully harnessed by NVIDIA's accelerated computing and development tools. This builds on years of integration support for previous OS sensor generations, as well as Stereolabs' own integrations across the entire ZED portfolio.

Together, we are providing the essential building blocks for Physical AI, enabling machines to sense, think, and act in the real world with more speed and precision than ever before. Rev 8 is shipping today and is being adopted by some of the world's most innovative companies. This is a testament to our close collaboration with key customers over years to ensure Rev 8 met their program needs. We're already seeing early traction with dozens of technology leaders across the industrial, robotics, automotive, and smart infrastructure markets intending to adopt Rev 8 OS sensors, including Google, Volvo Autonomous Solutions, Liebherr, Epiroc, FieldAI, Flyability, Skydio, PlusAI, Constellis, Bedrock, Kässbohrer, Third Wave Automation, Burro, Seegrid, Gecko Robotics, Pratt Miller, AIM Intelligent Machines, Cyngn, Freefly Systems, ATI Industrial Automation, and SwarmFarm Robotics, among others.

Clearly, there is overwhelming customer pull for Rev 8, and this gives us confidence in an incredibly strong back half of the year. We spent years developing these groundbreaking capabilities, and I am thrilled to finally introduce Rev 8 to the world. With that, let me now turn the call over to Ken, who will provide more context on our first quarter financial results.

Thank you, Angus, and hello, everyone. As you heard, our excitement over the acquisition of Stereolabs and our new product launches look to keep the momentum we built in 2025 continuing into 2026. In the first quarter, we are pleased with our continued progress against both our financial and operational goals, which are the cornerstones of our path to profitability. Our results demonstrate the resilience of our operating model and a disciplined financial management across the business as we continue to execute within our long-term financial framework. Turning to the first quarter financial performance, operating results were strong, with revenue of $49 million, which included approximately 7 weeks of contribution from Stereolabs. This represents an increase of 49% compared with the first quarter last year.

We shipped over 12,600 sensors, which included over 8,300 LiDAR, a new quarterly record, and over 4,300 camera sensors. Royalty revenue in Q1 was not material. As I mentioned in our March call, this year we expect total royalty revenue in 2026 to be less than $5 million. The majority of this amount will be recognized in the back half of this year. Smart Infrastructure vertical was the largest contributor to first quarter revenue, followed by Industrial. GAAP gross margin was 43%, up 200 basis points from the same quarter last year. GAAP operating expenses were $40 million, an increase of 7% from the first quarter last year. The increase was primarily due to the addition of Stereolabs operating expenses, including $2.3 million of acquisition in integration-related charges in Q1.

We continue to anticipate year-over-year operating expenses to be higher 5%-8% with the acquisition of Stereolabs. However, we continue to focus on our path to profitability and will remain diligent in managing our operating expense profile. Excluding the acquisition and integration expense of Stereolabs, our adjusted EBITDA in Q1 was negative $7 million, compared with negative $8 million in the first quarter last year. Ouster remains one of the industry's strongest balance sheets, ending the quarter with cash equivalents, restricted cash, and short-term investments of $175 million and no debt. The strength of our balance sheet gives us the strategic and financial flexibility to operate our business and gives confidence to our customers who rely on Ouster as a key Physical AI partner on their long-term autonomy journey. Now, turning to guidance.

For the second quarter of 2026, we expect to achieve total revenue in the range of $49.5 million-$52.5 million. Beyond the revenue outlook for Q2, I wanna reiterate the long-term financial framework I discussed last quarter, which includes revenue growth of 30%-50%, GAAP gross margins of 35%-40%, and GAAP operating expense growth of 5%-8% from our 2025 levels. With our acquisition of Stereolabs, the release of Rev 8, our smart infrastructure solutions, and our investment in foundational AI models, Ouster has one of the broadest range of perception and sensing products in the market. We remain confident that our innovation and go-to-market strategy will continue to bring us closer to positive operating free cash flow and profitability. I'll now turn the call back to Angus for his closing remarks.

Thanks, Ken. To close out, we are off to a great start executing against our 2026 strategic priorities, revolutionizing our LiDAR camera and AI compute products, extending our leadership in Physical AI solutions, and executing towards profitability. We kicked off the year with strong momentum, delivering our thirteenth consecutive quarter of product revenue growth. We're executing on our strategy to provide Physical AI's first unified sensing and perception platform, and I'm excited by the transformative products we're bringing to market this year as we work to solve our customers' most complex challenges. Rev 8 is redefining the meaning of LiDAR with fundamentally new capabilities that empower our customers to simplify their perception stacks, better train next generation world models, and scale their production deployments.

On the heels of a successful first quarter, Ouster is better positioned than ever as the foundational end-to-end sensing and perception platform for Physical AI. With that, I'd like to open up the call for Q&A.

Thank you. At this time, we will conduct the question and answer session. As a reminder, to ask a question, you will need to press star one one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. Our first question comes from the line of Colin Rusch of Oppenheimer & Co. Your line is now open.

Thanks so much, guys, and congratulations on getting Rev 8 out. You know, I guess I have a two-part question to start with that introduction. Obviously, you've been working very closely with a lot of customers, and I'm curious about two things. One, you know, how many of them have been waiting for this product to move into series production with some of their products, given some of the range and the functional safety pieces to this? The second part is really about which new applications are you seeing as material opportunities for you guys to move into given the, you know, the functionality improvements that you're seeing with this next generation product?

Hey, Colin, thanks for the question. While we don't pre-announce, you know, we held on to the Rev 8 announcement until it was ready to ship this quarter. Behind the scenes, we worked incredibly closely with a set of key customers for more than a year to make sure that Rev 8 met their needs. Both their current needs and future needs to expand business with us over time. You know, it's no surprise that we had a really compelling list of over 20 customers that I announced, and I'm gonna spare reading through them again. You know, it spans the gamut of existing customers doing things that they've always done, but doing them much more capably with a colorized point cloud, to all new applications. A great example of that would be high-altitude drone surveying.

The OS1 Max is the perfect sensor for simplifying a drone payload. You know, we have a great interested customer, Skydio, who's very interested in the OS1 Max and gave some great comments about how the combination of payload into a single platform makes it a game changer for their type of surveying application, where weight is at a premium and quality of data is at a premium. We absolutely have new applications with the OS1 Max for things like that, for high-speed applications and driving on the highway or heavy machinery, where you need to see small things at long range. Obviously, the multi-billion dollar opportunity for functionally safe devices is brand new area for us to expand in our customer base, and start to finally capture some of that significant value with these sensors.

But if you step back long term, I expect the vast majority of our customer base to adopt Rev 8 over time and to be operating with native color LiDAR data. I think the entire industry is going through a paradigm shift with this, and we're gonna end up on the other side with native color Rev 8 LiDARs across the vast majority of customers.

Super helpful. Thank you for that. You know, I guess the second question is really now that you've got, you know, a fairly rapidly evolving portfolio of offerings, you know, including, you know, the edge compute, you know, I guess I'm curious about a couple of things. One, how we should be thinking about mix on a go-forward basis. Then secondly, how much leverage you're getting from that edge compute capability in premise, you know, given some of the escalating data transfer expenses that we're starting to see for things like, you know, like intersections where, you know, can be upwards of, you know, 800,000 or $1 million of expense just to transfer data back to a data center if you're transferring all of it. Just curious how you're seeing that play out as well?

Yeah, sure. In terms of the product portfolio, that's ever-expanding. I mean, I also want to highlight we released the ZED X Nano during the quarter, which is a big deal, and also a brand-new use case in these wrist-mounted robotic manipulation. On the question of mix going forward, you know, we haven't split out exactly how we see that long term unit basis or revenue basis, but we expect both of our businesses to grow very significantly. Obviously, we had an incredibly strong quarter with 44% year-over-year growth for lidar only business. Overall, we were up significantly year-over-year, especially with the Stereolabs acquisition. We expect to have very significant and strong growth across all of our product lines over time.

To the question around edge compute, I do expect that to start to contribute more to our overall business. Right now, we're really fresh off of acquiring Stereolabs. The compute was something that had good traction and still has good traction with their customer base. We're going to invest more into the compute line that they started. I can't say that it's having a significant impact on the Ouster customers at this point. We're still getting our feet under us on exactly how to position that compute line up with the other customers. I do think it will be a big opportunity for Ouster going forward.

Fantastic. Thanks, guys.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Kevin Cassidy of Rosenblatt Securities. Your line is now open.

Thanks for taking my questions, and congratulations on launching Rev 8 and continuing this high growth. Maybe along those lines, questions around Rev 8, and you touched on it slightly, I think. Would Rev 7 continue to go in production? You know, what's the transition look like for the two different lidars?

Great question. We're fully committed to continuing to produce and support Rev 7 for our established customer base. I mean, Rev 7 has been out for three years now, and we have a lot of customers that have fully qualified and are in active production with the Rev 7 lineup, and it's a great set of products. I mean, they really established Ouster as a performance technology and reliability leader in the LiDAR space, and we don't wanna change any of that. While Rev 8 is designed to be a seamless upgrade for any customer that wants to, we wanna make sure that customers that have qualified Rev 7 can continue to operate their businesses with it. We're being customer friendly here and making sure that it's their choice when they transition.

Oh, great. Okay. Yeah, I remember when Rev 7 came out, it was an inflection point for you, especially on ASP increases. Are they similar ASPs between Rev 7 and Rev 8, or maybe even talk about the manufacturing and the gross margins between the two?

That's another great question. Rev 8 was designed to be more affordable than Rev 7 and more scalable than Rev 7. We want to make sure that we're enabling our customers to continue to scale and to bring this technology to the broader Physical AI ecosystem. The Rev 7 was a different scenario where we were introducing a fundamentally new capability, and ASPs went up. Here, it will be a little bit more of a mix because we have vastly more customers in production, and we can't disrupt the economics of their production. Yes, we have new products that are incredible, like the OS1 Max, that probably will command premium ASPs in certain domains.

We also wanna make sure that a customer that wants to upgrade to Rev 8 can do so without having a significant economic disruption or commercial disruption to the end business that they've created around a Rev 7 product. Just going back again, highlighting Rev 8 was built to be more scalable and more affordable than Rev 7.

Great. Okay. Sounds like a good strategy. Thank you.

Thank you. One moment for our next question. Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Andres Sheppard of Cantor Fitzgerald. Your line is now open.

Hey, guys. This is Anand on for Andres. Congrats on the quarter, and thanks for taking our questions. It's really great to see an update on the L4 chip with the Rev 8 announcement. You know, based on the customer interest, as I know you disclosed a really long list of prospects on the call, maybe what type of opportunities there do you see in automotive, especially with robotaxis ramping up, you know, with Motional as your customer, et cetera? Who do you see interested there? What type of opportunities? Thank you.

Rev 8 is a big deal when it comes to the automotive world because Rev 8 is an auto-grade sensor. They're designed for functional safety, so the ASIL B functional safety spec in automotive is incredibly important, whether you know, whether it's a lidar going into a consumer car or into a robotaxi or a robotruck. Rev 8, the OS1 Max, the OS0, purpose designed to be ideal sensors for that market. I'm expecting some pretty significant things there just because it's the first time that we'll have a full suite of lidars that blankets. You know, you can out-rig an entire car in Ouster digital lidars and be a one-stop shop.

And we obviously, we worked in the background with a number of customers, many of which I couldn't name, around the Revs, the Rev 8 spec for the automotive domain. Yeah, so a lot of things to come there. I think that just highlighting the long-range, high-resolution aspect of the OS1 Max and combining that with the colorized point clouds is pretty game-changing in the automotive domain, where advanced AI algorithms go hand in hand with the kind of flexible Physical AI progress that's been made in the ADAS sector. We think these are really good sensors for that domain, and I can't wait to get them in customers' hands.

Got it. Thanks. Appreciate the color. I guess maybe a question for Ken. As we think about the gross margins and the EBITDA improving that, as we go through the financials, what's the most important remaining steps to hit breakeven? Is it the revenue scale, the gross margins, OpEx, or is it a mix of these things to improve the EBITDA? Thank you.

Well, I think number one, the continued innovation that we've been doing is a great stepping stone to showing how our long-term model, the consistency that we've brought over the last three years, it's just another proof point of us as a company, Ouster, continuing to hit those proof points year after year after year. That long-term model, the 30%-50% growth, you know, obviously with the acquisition, it was high. You know, even with ex-acquisition, 44% growth year-over-year, that's just a proof point of our underlying innovation continuing to that long-term model. You know, if you do the math on that and you look at our gross margins, even staying you know, we had another strong tailwind that we overcame some economic challenges and constraints in the quarter for a strong, GAAP gross margin quarter.

That 35%-40%, coupled with the growth rate and our discipline on the OpEx, you know, the innovation we've done with little to no OpEx, growth, you know, that 5%-8% with Stereolabs and the $2.3 million acquisition in the Q1, that combined together shows that we're on a strong path for, you know, somewhere within 2027 starting to hit that profitability stride. The model is holding true. We're gonna continue to execute towards that. It's a very important milestone for us to get to that. But, you know, this innovation is key to unlocking that continued long-term growth.

Gotcha. Thanks for all the color. Congrats again on the progress and on Rev 8. I'll pass it on.

Thank you.

Thank you. One moment for our next question. Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Richard Shannon of Craig-Hallum. Your line is now open.

Well, hi, guys. Thanks for getting me in here in the queue here. Apologies, I just jumped on the call. I got like 4 or 5 earnings here tonight. I have no idea if this question was asked, but I want to ask it anyway, which is, the new Rev 8 product is quite interesting in many ways. A lot of performance improvements here, the interesting one here is the ability to do color. I'm curious, Angus, if you can tell us a little bit more about that, how you did that, as I assume this is something in the detector. Wondering if this is, you know, in technology that's exclusive, inherent to Ouster or are you the first one to try to implement this?

Just any ideas that help us understand how you're doing this. Maybe if you wanna follow on, what applications do you expect to be adopting that first?

Absolutely. Thanks, Richard. I mean, the Rev 8 native color point clouds are a genuine world-first invention. This is a really significant milestone for the LiDAR industry in general, and it's a first of its kind technology, no question. The core innovation happened at the silicon level, and this just goes back to Ouster inventing digital LiDAR. We've continued to innovate at the silicon architecture level now by fusing in silicon color and LiDAR data, so that customers don't have to think about this and getting an absolutely incredible result for the end customer. Absolutely, this is a world's first direct innovation, basically the result of 10 years of pushing on silicon innovation at Ouster, and building it into the L4 and L4 Max chips.

In terms of the applications, I mean, the clearest opportunity here is simply more context to train the next generation of Physical AI models. The world truly cannot be described with just 3D information or just color. It really is a combination of those two attributes that allows you to both sense the position of a street sign and read what it's saying or sense the location of a car and knowing that it's just slammed on its brakes with the brake lights. Training AI models with a colorized point cloud dataset is the final frontier that so many of our customers have been trying to reach. It's literally They call it the Holy Grail. I've heard that many times from our customer base.

This is the Holy Grail, colorized point clouds unified and trained into new AI algorithms. That's the most obvious use case, and that just gives better, safer, more capable AI systems. There's also 1 in 3D surveying. Almost all surveying applications require a combination of structure and color or texture to assess the quality and status of a bridge, right? If a bridge is degrading, you wanna know that it's structurally sagging, but you also wanna see that the concrete has cracked. Color and LiDAR data give you that. There are obvious applications with a customer set that really span every single customer use case. It's hard to identify any customer that won't benefit from this, which is why I said I think every customer effectively will adopt a Rev 8 colorized capability eventually.

Again, this just comes back to 10 years pushing silicon and innovation into our products, and this is the end result.

Yeah, Richard, I just wanna point out to the last piece of it, you know, this is over almost a dozen patents just on the RGB colorization alone. The underlying Rev 8 technology, building not just from the Rev 7, but it's almost 200 patents underneath supporting the Rev 8. You know, that technology and effort that we've put in to bring out there is also covered with, you know, real innovation with those patents for the company.

Okay. That's helpful perspective. One quick follow-up again on this topic here. As you add in color to applications or previously using LiDAR, how do we think about the upsides and in value and price that you're able to charge for these sorts of things? Thank you.

I think that goes back to another question that was asked around ASPs and how this filters down into costs and value capture. This here really depends on the application. We always try to price our products to enable our customer's commercial application. It's one of the key strategies that we've done really well with, maintaining strong gross margins, but also working with customers to make sure that the pricing works for their business at scale. I'm giving you an unsatisfying answer. Rev 8, the technology and getting color into our customers' hands, the pricing depends on the customer application. We do wanna make sure that customers don't have price as an impediment to adopting an incredible capability that actually enables their long-term viability as a company.

I think the key takeaway is Rev 8 is a drop-in compatible replacement for Rev 7, so the adoption can be quick and seamless to getting that value, and that's a huge, you know, that's a huge benefit to these customers.

Okay. Great perspective. I will jump on along, guys. Thank you.

Thank you. This concludes the question and answer session. I would now like to turn it back to Angus for closing remarks.

Well, I wanna thank everyone for joining the call and really wanna thank the Ouster team for the push that they made to get Rev 8 out. This is a paradigm shift for the industry. We have incredible customer demand for the Rev 8 product, and I can't wait to continue to update everyone that joined the call for the rest of the year on Rev 8's adoption through the year. Thank you all.

Thank you for your participation in today's conference. This does conclude the program. You may now disconnect.

Hello. Welcome to Ouster's Fourth Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions]. The call today is being recorded, and a replay of the call will be available on the Ouster Investor Relations website an hour after the completion of this call. I'd like to now turn the conference over to Chen Geng, Senior Vice President of Strategic Finance and Treasurer. Please go ahead.

Thank you, operator, and good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining our Fourth Quarter 2025 Earnings Call. Today on the call, we have Chief Executive Officer, Angus Pacala; and Chief Financial Officer, Ken Gianella. As a reminder, after the market closed today, Ouster issued its financial news release, which was also furnished on a Form 8-K and is posted in the Investor Relations section of the Ouster website. Today's conference call will be available for webcast replay in the Investor Relations section of our website. I want to remind everyone that on this call, we will make certain forward-looking statements. These include all statements about our competitive position and growth opportunities, anticipated industry trends, our business and strategic priorities, our operating expense targets, the impact of our recent acquisition, the development and expansion of our products and our revenue guidance for the first quarter of 2026. Actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results and trends to differ materially from those contained in or implied by these forward-looking statements are set forth in the fourth quarter 2025 financial results release and in the quarterly and annual reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Any forward-looking statements that we make on this call are based on the assumptions as of today, and other than as may be required by law, Ouster assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their respective dates. In today's conference call, we will discuss both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP measures discussed today is included in the financial results release. I would now like to turn the call over to Angus.

Hello, everyone, and thank you for joining. I'll start with a brief recap of the quarter and review of our strategic priorities for 2025. Ken will cover our financial results in more detail before I close with our goals for 2026. The fourth quarter capped off a year of exceptional execution for Ouster. Our fourth quarter revenue of $62 million, including $41 million of product revenue, reflects the continued demand we see across our lidar business and represents our 12th straight quarter of product revenue growth. GAAP gross margin was strong at 60%, and we set a new quarterly record with over 8,100 sensors shipped, bringing physical AI to life across multiple applications, including warehouse automation, robotaxis and mapping. Our strong results are a testament to our disciplined execution across our business. This is supported by durable global growth drivers for increasing automation, efficiency and safety. These secular themes strengthened during 2025, a year where we set and executed on 3 strategic priorities: scaling the software attached business, transforming the product portfolio and executing towards profitability. First, we committed to scaling our software attached business. Software attached bookings more than doubled in 2025 and represented over 15% of our sensors shipped, which is up over 120% year-on-year. In addition, I'm excited to share that today, our in-house trained AI models are now running 24 hours a day at over 1,200 Gemini and BlueCity sites, spanning over 65 million square feet of roadways and facilities around the world. We are delivering physical AI at enterprise scale. We drove significant Gemini renewals, including a 7-figure annual license with a leading global technology company and secured landmark BlueCity agreements to accelerate the adoption of AI-powered lidar detection across Tennessee, Utah and New Jersey. This growth was driven by the increased capabilities of Ouster Gemini and BlueCity validating our continued investments in proprietary AI model training as well as the expansion of distribution partnerships across nearly the entirety of North America. Second, we set out to further transform our product portfolio. In 2025, we introduced powerful new features, unlocked greater performance and reshaped how our customers integrate, manage and utilize lidar data through a series of major software releases. We launched 4 new versions of our SDK, which included revolutionary new features. This included on sensor 3D zone monitoring, which is the first time perception logic has been embedded directly into 3D digital lidar. This feature supports collision avoidance warnings, deceleration and emergency stops and was the result of significant demand from customers. Many of the world's largest material handling companies are using this as a critical aspect in their collision avoidance technology. We also released real-time localization, empowering customers to track the position of their assets with centimeter level accuracy and implement features like geofencing and automatic speed limit enforcement without requiring the installation of expensive and complex infrastructure. We continue to strategically invest in our proprietary AI model training, leveraging real-world data to iterate, retrain, improve and deliver increased capabilities to our customers. Our breakthrough multisensor AI model powering Ouster Gemini and BlueCity is trained on millions of labeled objects collected from hundreds of sites around the world, spanning diverse environments and weather conditions. By dramatically improving detection accuracy, efficiency and long-term object identity persistence, we have unlocked new use cases, allowing us to support large-scale installations of 40 lidar sensors at a single site. We also advanced BlueCity features from prototype to real-world deployments with the addition of intelligent signal actuation, which catalyzes Ouster scaling across hundreds of intersections in 2025. Within Ouster Gemini, we released new features like Cloud Portal and Event Server. Gemini Cloud Portal allows customers to securely configure and manage deployments from any location, while Gemini Event Server creates a no-code environment that enables customers to build custom logic for applications like intrusion detection and zone occupancy without requiring heavy engineering. Finally, we made major progress in validating our next-generation L4 and Chronos custom silicon as we look to redefine what's possible with digital lidar. Our digital lidar road map continues to drive dramatic improvements in performance and reliability, reinforcing the core advantages of our architecture. Importantly, these breakthrough chips will power our next-generation sensors, which represent a major step forward in capability, scalability and value for our customers. These advancements are expected to more than double our current addressable market for lidar, unlocking new applications and expanding opportunities across each of our industry verticals. We're excited to share much more on this front soon. Our execution in 2025 aligned with our long-term financial framework, progressing us further on our path towards profitability. Our core business delivered on all target metrics for 2025. Excluding the benefit of royalties, full year product revenue increased by 32% year-over-year, and we successfully navigated a volatile macroeconomic environment and the headwind of tariffs to deliver 41% gross margin. We maintained our operating expense discipline even as we absorbed the operational and compliance requirements of a growing global business. We continue to have one of the strongest balance sheets in the industry, demonstrating our ability to achieve both high growth and financial prudence. I'll now turn the call over to Ken to discuss our financial results in detail.

Thank you, Angus, and hello, everyone. As Angus mentioned, we closed fiscal 2025 with a strong finish, underscoring our continued operational execution. Our results demonstrate the resilience of our operating model and the disciplined financial management across the business as we continue to perform within our long-term financial framework, keeping us firmly on the path to profitability. Turning to the fourth quarter financial performance. Operating results were strong with revenue of $62 million, GAAP gross margin of 60% and shipments of over 8,100 sensors. During the quarter, we recorded royalties of approximately $21 million that were primarily onetime and related to long-term IP license contracts. These royalties demonstrate the strength of our IP portfolio. For 2026, total royalty revenue is expected to be less than $5 million, with the majority of that amount expected to be recognized in the back half of the year. Looking ahead, we expect additional royalty revenue to be relatively modest, and it will be included in our revenue guidance. Turning back to our fourth quarter results. Absent the impact of royalties, our fourth quarter product revenue was $41 million, representing an increase of 36% compared to the same quarter a year ago. The industrial vertical was the largest contributor to fourth quarter revenue, followed by robotics and smart infrastructure. Demand for our Gemini and BlueCity solutions remained strong and were important contributors to our quarterly results. GAAP gross margin of 60% reflected the impact of royalties, continued revenue growth in our digital lidar business and improvements in our operational performance. Royalties impacted our fourth quarter GAAP gross margin by approximately 20 percentage points. GAAP operating expenses were $37 million in the fourth quarter, a decrease of 6% from the same quarter last year. The decline was primarily due to a favorable employment tax refund received during the quarter. As we continue to focus on our path to profitability, we will remain diligent on managing our operating expenses. Adjusted EBITDA was a positive $11 million, which reflects the impact of the royalty payments. Next, our balance sheet continues to be one of the strongest in the industry, ending the quarter with cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments of $211 million and no debt. The strength of our balance sheet gives Ouster the strategic and financial flexibility to operate our business as it's also vitally important to our customers who rely on Ouster as a key physical AI partner on their long-term autonomy journey. Turning to our full year results. We generated revenue of $169 million, of which approximately $23 million was attributable to royalty revenue that were primarily onetime and related to long-term IP license contracts. This represents growth of 52% year-over-year or 32% excluding the impact of royalties. We shipped over 25,000 sensors, an increase of 48% compared to 2024, with help from record bookings of $177 million, delivering a robust product book-to-bill of 1.2x in 2025. GAAP gross margin was 49%, up 13 points year-over-year. Royalties contributed 8 points of gross margin. GAAP operating expense was $157 million, up 9% from $145 million in 2024. This reflects increased investment to support our product road map, expenses related to the StereoLabs acquisition and the implementation of operational and compliance tools that support our growing business. These expenses were partially offset by proceeds received from favorable employment tax refund. Adjusted EBITDA was a loss of $12 million compared to a loss of $42 million in 2024. This reflects the benefit of royalty revenue combined with the continued operational improvement of the business. Now turning to guidance. Our outlook for the first quarter of 2026, we expect to achieve total revenue between $45 million and $48 million. This will include approximately 7 weeks of revenue from StereoLabs following the close of the transaction on February 4. Next, I would like to add some color to our long-term financial framework following the acquisition of StereoLabs. While StereoLabs is currently a small portion of our overall revenue mix, we expect this high-growth, high-margin business to be accretive to our consolidated results and anticipate it to have a positive impact on our long-term financial framework. With the combined companies, we are reiterating our long-term targets of 30% to 50% annual revenue growth and 35% to 40% GAAP gross margin. This outlook reflects the continued strong demand from our digital lidar products layered with accretive growth profile of our new vision and compute portfolio. Our focus remains on driving towards profitability. By pairing sustained top line growth, strong margins and disciplined cost management, we remain firmly on our path to profitability. Finally, applying the long-term framework, let me give some color to the full year 2026. Excluding the revenue and gross margin impact of royalties in 2025, we remain confident in the combined Ouster and StereoLabs 2026 revenue and margin profile to be in line with our long-term financial framework when measured against the consolidated pro forma baseline in 2025. Going forward, we will be reporting revenues on a combined basis. However, for some additional context, I would note that StereoLabs' historical revenue has tended to be seasonally stronger in the second half of the year with approximately 60% of the revenue occurring during this period. Next, turning to GAAP operating expense for 2026 factoring in StereoLabs operating and integration expenses, we anticipate GAAP operating expense growth at 5% to 8% from our full year 2025 levels. We also expect our 2026 quarterly operating expenses to follow a similar quarterly profile as 2025. This outlook underscores the strength and durability of our digital lidar business, which remains firmly on track. As we scale the combined business, we anticipate growth, combined with improved operating leverage, provides a clear path to achieving positive operating free cash flow and profitability. Thank you for your continued interest in Ouster. I'll now turn the call back to Angus to discuss our goals for 2026.

Thank you, Ken. Our execution on our 2025 goals has been further complemented by our recent acquisition of StereoLabs, a pioneer in AI camera vision and perception solutions. As we start the year, Ouster now offers physical AI's first unified sensing and perception platform, combining high-performance digital lidar with cameras, AI compute, sensor fusion and perception software and cutting-edge AI models. Our customers can harness the precision of lidar along with the richness of vision, powered by our combined investments in AI training. By delivering seamlessly synchronized and calibrated data out of the box, we simplify and accelerate customer development and reduce costs. StereoLabs also brings deep expertise in foundational AI model training and core perception functions, along with immediate commercial scale, adding top-tier OEMs, Fortune 500 companies and high-growth technology firms to our customer base. This acquisition strategically positions Ouster as the foundational end-to-end sensing and perception platform for physical AI and initial feedback from our customer base has been resoundingly positive. Our expanded portfolio is resonating with the demands of the market, and customers are excited by the strengthened support and operational capacity of the combined company. For 2026, our road map is built on 3 strategic priorities designed to compound our combined competitive advantages and accelerate our financial performance. One, revolutionize our lidar camera and AI compute products; two, extend our leadership in physical AI solutions; and three, execute to profitability. Our first goal for 2026 is clear: to revolutionize our lidar camera and AI compute products. This year, we will commercialize the most significant product overhaul in our company's history and release more products than ever before. Ouster invented digital lidar, and we will continue to advance the industry with next-generation sensors built on our custom silicon. This powerful digital lidar road map is built on silicon architecture that drives exponential improvements that compound over time, delivering industry-leading performance, reliability and scalability. Building on StereoLabs' legacy as a pioneer in AI vision, we will continue to develop leading-edge products designed to support customers building the future of physical AI. Our next-generation AI compute will support real-time reasoning at the edge for larger workloads that were previously too slow to run in dynamic real-world environments. We will also bring expanded connectivity features to our industry-leading camera portfolio to align with the market demands of our customers. Simultaneously, we will further unify our products to support plug-and-play sensor fusion. With the industry's first unified sensing and perception platform for physical AI, we are creating a one-stop shop for customers to deploy tightly integrated perception solutions out of the box. These product launches are expected to bring unprecedented new features to our portfolio, help us gain market share in billion-dollar brownfield markets and support new use cases across industrial, robotics, automotive and smart infrastructure. 2026 marks the beginning of a new era for our product portfolio, the broadest, most capable and most integrated lineup we have ever delivered to further accelerate real-world autonomy across industries. Our second goal is to extend our leadership in physical AI solutions, including cementing our lead in smart infrastructure and deepening our presence in industrial AI. We have already established a leading position in lidar power detection for transportation, security, logistics and crowd analytics with Ouster BlueCity and Gemini. In 2026, we are leveraging the partnerships we have built to further expand BlueCity across the United States as well as launch additional pilots in Europe and the Middle East. Following recent wins, we are deploying additional Gemini pilots for perimeter security in 2026 to tap into an existing multibillion-dollar security market. We are also aggressively targeting the industrial vertical, where we see a broad swath of opportunities that can quickly realize the benefits of the StereoLabs acquisition. StereoLabs is a perfect complement to augment Ouster's perception road map to meet physical AI's increasing demand for sophisticated multi-sensor fusion. By merging our proprietary AI models with StereoLabs' vision capabilities, we are delivering the specialized perception logic and application-specific software required to revolutionize safety and efficiency across the global supply chain. Finally, we will continue our operational execution as we drive towards profitability. Through a growing addressable market served by our expanded portfolio, disciplined cost management and clear operational priorities, we have a line of sight to deliver on our long-term financial framework. The strength of our digital lidar business, combined with the acquisition of StereoLabs, positions Ouster as the foundational sensing and perception platform for physical AI. By expanding our capabilities across the entire stack from sensors and software to specialized applications and AI modeling, we will continue to drive our business on a path of sustainable growth. We are uniquely equipped to accelerate customer development of solutions that sense, think, act and learn in the physical world. The era of physical AI is here and Ouster is powering it. With that, I'd like to now open up the call for Q&A.

[Operator Instructions]. Our first question will come from the line of Colin Rusch from Oppenheimer.

And I appreciate all the detail on the perception platform into the software side. And I guess that's the heart of what I'm interested in here is really looking at how you guys can quantify the pace of learning with those systems, obviously, with all these sensors deployed at various places, both on traffic lights as well as some of the perimeter sites. Just curious how quickly you can actually optimize those systems and really monetize some of that efficiency.

Thanks for the question, Colin. Yes, this is a great point. So -- the idea of Sense, Think, Act, Learn is it's really a virtuous cycle of improvement and iterative development that has been embraced by any company that is doing cutting-edge AI development. You really have to iterate to your solution because of the massive amounts of data collection and retraining that are required to achieve cutting-edge safety-critical, capable physical AI and real-world deployments. And I can speak from experience now having over 1,200 sites deployed with this technology over the last couple of years across Gemini and BlueCity deployments that we see the pace of improvement accelerating over these last couple of years simply by investing in the machine that builds the machine, that iterative cycle of Sense, Think, Act and Learn, collecting data from the field, annotating it, retraining and building new insight into the capabilities of our system. It's an absolute acceleration. I think that you can measure it in how quickly you can deploy new versions of the product out to the field. We probably have another order of magnitude of iteration speed that we can still build into this set of products, specifically Gemini and BlueCity. And now the opportunity is both to continue that iterative speed of development on those products, but also to bring that iteration to our industrial AI and broader ecosystem. And that's where StereoLabs acquisition comes in, the ability to provide autonomous intelligent systems that are iterating very rapidly based on our core investments into machine learning training. So an order of magnitude at least to go and a brand-new greenfield opportunity in industrial AI to bring exactly that mentality to that product set.

That's super helpful. And then I just want to get a sense of the trend lines in terms of customer engagement in the defense sector. Obviously, you guys went through the Blue UAS approval last year, and it's pretty topical now in terms of thinking about automated warfare. Just want to get a sense of how those engagements have trended over the last year or so and how quickly we might start to see a real inflection point on some of the revenue growth that seems like is pretty available to you guys here.

Yes. I think here, I -- there's a lot of interest in the automation -- on the battlefield. But there's a big difference between what is happening today in Ukraine and -- which is robotics, but it's actually still human-controlled remote-operated vehicles and fully autonomous systems. Actually, there's a really wide gap. And so the sphere where we play fully automated systems is still in the research and development phase, whether it's in defense or just looking across our broader swath of customers, whereas what is fielded on the battlefield today is glorified remote-operated vehicles with increasing intelligence, but still they're remote operated vehicles. And so I think it's going to be a number of more years before there's a significant shift in that composition, just given the development cycles in defense. They roughly resemble the development cycles that happen in the automotive industry, for instance. It's more like that versus what we just talked about with rapid iteration in something like Gemini or BlueCity. So it's an important industry. It's one that Ouster is definitely plays in, and we have some great evidence of that, things like the Blue UAS certification for drone payloads. But there's a big divide between where the -- what exists today and the automation that is under development and we will be here in -- it's going to be a couple more years for sure.

Next question will come from the line of Kevin Cassidy from Rosenblatt Securities.

Congratulations on the great year. Just as you're looking at your backlog and looking out to 2026, which one of the industries that you service, which one do you think is going to grow the fastest?

Well, that's a great question, Kevin. I think that we -- I have been very bullish on smart infrastructure because of the full solutions that we've been bringing to the table for the past year. I think I said at the beginning of 2025 that given all the investment we've made into Gemini and BlueCity solutions for traffic management, for security, for yard logistics that I expected smart infrastructure to start to play a much more significant role in our revenue composition and our growth trajectory. And I think that, that's definitely played out in the last year. So I'm still incredibly bullish on the success we've had there and its continued success because these are major new opportunities for lidar, places where lidar has never played before that are multibillion-dollar industries. And we've just shown that we are able to execute in this domain. That being said, the StereoLabs acquisition is our ability to inflect the physical AI sphere for mobile robotics, for industrial robotics. And so the -- for the same reasons why smart infrastructure has taken off basically that we're providing total solutions and speeding the time to market for our customers because they can buy something off the shelf from Ouster. Now we're doing that with StereoLabs and Ouster combined, a unified sensing and perception platform that is a drop-in replacement for the legacy systems that have been used in the industrial and robotics sphere. Now you can come to Ouster by AI compute, lidars and cameras and the software and perception, software suite that goes on top of those and get to market quicker. So that's the vision for where Ouster is going is really this two-pronged approach of solutions in smart infrastructure, where it's fixed, fixed installations and solutions in mobile autonomy for physical AI, things like industrial, automotive and robotics.

Great. Yes. And that kind of plays into what was going to be my second question was how you're training models using both the StereoLabs and Ouster's lidar, whether that combine those 2 models, if that's going to be much more robust than what your competitors would be offering?

Yes. I think that there's so much to do with the advancements in AI in the last couple of years. There's both opportunities for us to push the frontier of -- so StereoLabs, they built neural depth models that produce incredible point clouds from stereo cameras better than the competition and to push that domain forward. Ouster has invested in our neural perception algorithms for BlueCity and Gemini to perceive what's going on in the environment. And there's a natural cross-pollinate -- cross-pollination at play where we can bring the insights from each one of those core competencies to each other's customers, but also start to do multimodal AI training. So lidar and cameras fused and trained together is the obvious next step if you really want to build the world's most capable perception -- machine learning-driven perception solutions. So there's a ton we can talk about there, but I'll leave it at that. I'm definitely excited about what the future holds for our AI training.

The next question will come from the line of Tim Savageaux from Northland Capital Markets.

I wanted to ask if you had a pretty -- well, at least from a customer standpoint, CES seemed to be a pretty important show for you guys, a lot of focus on autonomy there for machines, both large and small. I wonder if you had any takeaways from that show in terms of market opportunities coming out or specific customer developments.

Yes, absolutely. No. So we were just -- Ken and I were both at CES walking around with a number of investors, analysts. And it was a great embodiment of physical AI, like literal robots, industrial machines, autonomous systems, just ubiquitous on the show floor, no matter where you went, physical AI was in your face as real hardware. And so I think the takeaway for me is when you actually looked at those machines, whether it was an autonomous forklift or a humanoid robot or a big industrial mining machine, what were the commonalities between those systems? They had lidar sensors, they had cameras. They had almost certainly an NVIDIA GPU AI computer, and there was a suite of software that was largely similar in the underpinnings of robotic perceptions, localization, path planning, perception of objects around the vehicle. So the commonality is that's the play for Ouster with this -- both on the hardware and on the software. We think that with the StereoLabs acquisition, we can become the one-stop shop for lidar, cameras, potentially other sensors in the future, AI computers and all the software that runs the underpinning of an intelligent autonomous machine. That's where Ouster wants to play, and that's where we've made a major step forward. So I mean, it's -- CES was just the perfect representation of where the future is going and also the representation of Ouster's business model for the next 10 years.

Yes. And I'll add to it, Tim, seeing our customers' success and their time to market and getting out there quicker, that's our success. So the quicker that these things get out of prototype and into production, that's the growth that we follow along with those partners.

Great. And if I could follow up on a separate topic, and that is on the royalties in the quarter. I wonder if you had any more color about what's -- whether it's a certain type of technology or application. I don't know if that has anything to do with the litigation ongoing, but any more color, it's a pretty good number. So looking for any more details on what drove that and whether that was anticipated, I guess?

First off, it highlights the strength of our IP portfolio, Tim. And it was predominantly onetime, as we mentioned, and we also talked about it will be de minimis going forward. Strategically, we are looking prioritize on this sense, think, run, learn and driving our own product portfolio forward. So we have the royalty piece behind us. And I think all those litigation items in the past are all behind us. And so now it's really focused on our strategic priorities and growth.

Our next question will come from the line of Andres Sheppard from Cantor Fitzgerald.

Congratulations on the strong quarter. I think a lot of our questions have been asked. But Angus, I was hoping to maybe have you elaborate a bit further on the opportunities that you see regarding drones and humanoids in particularly following the recent certification and the recent acquisition. Can you maybe help quantify opportunities that you see there in the near term and maybe medium term? Or just any granularity as to how we should be thinking about these industries translating into revenue?

Thanks, Andres. Yes. So the common thread for drones and humanoids is really the volume. They're generally industrial adjacent, more robotics than industrial. And there's a volume increase from things, the smaller, the cheaper, the more ubiquitous the technology, the more -- the types of payloads and sensors and AI compute that goes on those robots is different than a big mining machine. And so some humanoids use lidar, some don't use lidar. Every humanoid uses cameras. And so that's part of the play for Ouster. And the same goes for drones. Some drones use lidar, some drones and all drones use cameras. And so this is part of investing and becoming a combined lidar and camera sensing company is just being able to play across all physical AI applications by providing the 2 most pervasive sensor modalities that are out there. And so -- and then we layer on top the fact that Ouster has invested in things like the Blue UAS certification, it just builds more opportunity for us in the sphere. So I see drones and humanoids. Drones is a much more of a proven technology and market opportunity for Ouster, and that's why we have things like a certification. Humanoids are an emerging opportunity that we are playing in today because of the StereoLabs acquisition and because of some of the lidar sensors and customers we have there. But I think the time line is a little longer for humanoids to reach market in the scale that's going to start to impact our top line revenue. And I liken this to 10 years ago with the robotaxi industry. It's an emerging technology. It's an exciting technology, and it will happen. But the time line is less known because it's pioneering research, getting humanoid robotics out into the market. And it's also a pioneering business model. It's a new business model to do it. So there are categories of things where Ouster builds the business on today, and there are categories of pans in the fire that will hit eventually and help Ouster build the business of the future. And we're playing across both. But it's definitely exciting times and the StereoLabs acquisition is a key to making sure that we can go to both those use cases and provide something valuable to those customers.

Yes. And wrapping numbers around it, if you look at the prior 3 quarters coming off of 40% year-over-year growth this quarter, just our core product line with the digital lidar growing 36% year-over-year. We continue to see that core underlying business continuing to trend in that 36% range plus. And so we're really proud of what the core business is doing. And so now you combine in the tailwinds of a really high-growth, high-margin business such like StereoLabs makes us really excited for that future.

Wonderful. That's super helpful. Really appreciate all that color. Maybe just as a quick follow-up, Ken, maybe a quick one for you. Can you just remind us liquidity, capital needs, cash burn? Are you still targeting to remain active in the M&A market? How are you thinking about future capital needs and cash runway?

Yes. So we ended the year at $211 million before the StereoLabs acquisition. We gave the number out there, roughly around $35 million in cash for that. On a strict operating basis, even -- we talked prior calls, having the dry powder to be strategic was very, very important in this current marketplace. So I think this acquisition demonstrated having that dry powder on hand allowed us to act quickly and take advantage of a very unique strategic situation. Even after that strategic acquisition, we still have plenty of operating runway until we're operating cash flow positive. So if you look at the numbers out there, it's somewhere in the 4- to 5-year range. So from a continuing in the marketplace, we're going to take it day by day and see what results with it. But our current cash position, we feel is strategically right where it needs to be, as I mentioned, for our customers because these customers that we work with, they're running 3- to 5-year programs, and they want a partner that can be out there operating with them in that space. So we feel really good about our capitalization. We'll always continue to look for what the future brings. And from the M&A, just answering your last question, if the right strategic opportunity comes along like it did with StereoLabs, we're really happy to be in a place that we can act on it.

[Operator Instructions]. Our next question will come from the line of Richard Shannon from Craig-Hallum.

This is Tyler on for Richard. I was just wondering how the customer conversations shifted since the acquisition? Are you getting new customers or existing customers looking for new opportunities to either combine the sensors or thinking of other use cases to get their hands on the sensor that they don't have? Just any color on that would be helpful.

Yes. I can say having been on a number of customer calls since acquiring StereoLabs that the reception to this acquisition has been resoundingly positive. I can't stress that enough. Ouster and StereoLabs have each built incredible brands built on quality, trust and performance of the products and the support that they provide. And by -- when you have 2 great companies combining and it allows a customer to then purchase from one even more dependable and well-resourced company, I mean that's music to their ears. So there's just the ability to work with one great company sourcing critical technology like we are. And then there's all the opportunity of building to the future. We're taking more of the feedback from customers around their total sensing needs and actually building the software and system capabilities that they have this enormous appetite for. I think that's probably the most surprising thing for me is how much appetite there has been for buying combined systems. Now that we're positioned and capable of selling combined systems, compute, software and the sensors, customers are asking for it. And that's just a great place to be. It's one thing to say we're going to do it. It's another for there to be a pull from the end customer now that they're aware we're capable of doing it. So had customers literally ask us, well, when can we just start buying the whole suite of hardware and software from you guys, couldn't happen soon enough. So I'm really pleased with how this has gone. And I think, yes, it's been extremely well received by customers.

And, by the way, it's available today. They're not waiting because one of the great things that we announced at the launch was that our platforms are already unified and people can buy our unified sensing platform today.

Absolutely, yes. I mean we're actually able to tell them, well, you can get started immediately.

That's great to hear. You had also mentioned enhanced connectivity features. Could you expand on that and specifically what that enables for customers?

This is with respect to the StereoLabs unified -- yes.

You said for this year, what you wanted to focus on?

Yes, absolutely. So the connectivity features is it's -- this is all about building an ecosystem that is interoperable with many different subcomponents of a physical AI system. So while we are today positioned to provide lidar cameras and AI compute and the software that runs them, we also want to make sure that the AI compute and the software on it is interoperable with all manner of other sensors, maybe GPS, maybe inertial measurement units, maybe just -- it's something as simple as radio connectivity or RTK systems or -- so the wheel encoders, there are just so many auxiliary systems that are required to build a domain-specific robot that we want to make sure that we really are providing all those little connectors in our software so that we can play really be that platform that you can build your entire solution on. And we don't want to have caveats when we're selling saying, "Oh, you can't go and use that existing GPS receiver that you've already selected and qualified." Quite the opposite. We're focused on saying you can use it, and we're implementing the low-level drivers for you. So that's kind of the vision there is -- and that all goes back to speeding time to market. The biggest thing holding back a lot of these customers in robotics and industrial is their development time to bring products to market. And we're cutting that down significantly by doing the work for them.

Okay. That just begets another question real quick for me. So when you're adding these different sensors, are these drivers something that are universal such that you can develop the drivers in your system for one type of GPS, but that works with any of the GPS providers or the inertial providers?

No, this is all hard work. It's just every single implementation is unique, and that's where the value comes in. You have to -- someone has to do the work and the companies that do that well and provide high-quality interoperability is where the value comes in.

Our next question will come from the line of Casey Ryan from WestPark Capital.

It's a great quarterly update. Yes, I just want to follow up a little more on this software component Angus that you're laying out. I mean it sounds like you guys start to move into being the operating system for any industrial manufacturer of physical AI systems. But does this sort of change the competitor matrix, I guess? And do we start competing with Open Mind and the Google Intrinsic thing and other kind of operating system physical AI companies?

I -- there's so much opportunity right now that I wouldn't call it changing the competitive landscape. There's a lot of companies pushing the frontier of this technology in ways -- in new and unexpected ways. Ouster is focused on being a unified sensing and perception platform, which could eventually become a complete operating system for these robots. That's definitely -- but saying -- I couldn't tell you today that there's immediate overlap of our eventual success with some of the companies that you mentioned because there's just so many different ways to approach these problems that are being researched right now, let alone deployed. So Ouster has always done a good job of finding the line between research and real deployed solutions that can generate revenue and grow a business today. And so that's what we're doing right now. We see -- we've narrowed down the solution to sensing and perception. And -- but that gives us opportunity, certainly with success, it gives us the opportunity to become more of the operating system of these robots in the future.

Yes. So maybe being more modest, I think maybe the company's vision of what it could accomplish has been expanded in some sense with what you're sharing with us today.

No question. The same way that lidar was our opening to build strong relationships with our customers. This is the next step in building an even stronger cohesive relationship, and that may be a jumping off point for a future where we're even more deeply embedded.

Right. Okay. Terrific. And then just sort of simply on the hardware, it sounds like what you're saying is we want to work with all and make it easy to use any kind of hardware components ultimately. Is it part of your vision that Ouster would want to provide at least one version of that, say, radar or GPS or something? Or were cameras kind of unique in terms of its importance to combined solutions, I guess?

Yes. We've really focused -- so the answer is yes to both things you asked. We want to work well with peripheral components, but there's a good reason why lidar and cameras have a special place. They really are the most important, most capable sensory inputs to these robots, and they're also the most unique and difficult to develop to the quality standard required by physical AI. So -- and so yes, we're so focused on making sure that we have the best-in-class lidar and camera combined sensing systems. And there's a lot of detailed work to be interoperable with other things, but they are secondary in these systems to the lidar and the cameras.

And the fusing of the 2 together to operate simultaneously, that is one of the toughest problems that all of our customers have today. And so being able to offer that unified platform with those 2 sensors together, it's a game changer.

Yes. Okay. That clarification is helpful. But I think putting a stake in the ground, it feels like the vision has gotten a little bit bigger, which is exciting. So I'm looking forward to '26. And yes, great job, obviously, in Q4 and looking forward.

I'm not showing any further questions in the queue at this moment. I'd like to turn it over to Angus Pacala for any closing remarks.

Well, thank you all for joining the call. We look forward to speaking with you again when we report our first quarter earnings. So have a good day.

Thank you for your participation in today's conference. This does conclude the program. You may now disconnect. Everyone, have a great day.