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Good day, everyone, and welcome to Verisk's First Quarter 2026 Earnings Results Conference Call. This call is being recorded. Currently, all participants are in a listen only mode. After today's prepared remarks, we will conduct a question and answer session where we will limit participants to one question so that we can allow everyone to ask a question. We will have further instructions for you at that time. For opening remarks and introductions, I would like to turn the call over to Verisk's Senior Vice President of Finance and Investor Relations, Ms. Stacey Brodbar. Ms. Brodbar, please go ahead.

Thank you Operator and good day everyone. We appreciate you joining us today for a discussion of our first quarter 2026 financial results. On the call today are Lee Shavel, Verisk's President and Chief Executive Officer, and Elizabeth Mann, Chief Financial Officer. The earnings release referenced on this call as well as our traditional quarterly earnings presentation and the associated 10-Q can be found in the investor section of our website, verisk.com. The earnings release has also been attached to an 8-K that we have furnished to the SEC. A replay of this call will be available for 30 days on our website and by dial-in. As set forth in more detail in today's earnings release, I will remind everyone that today's call may include forward-looking statements about Verisk's future performance, including those related to our financial guidance.

Actual performance could differ materially from what is suggested by our comments today. Information about the factors that could affect future performance is contained in our recent SEC filings. A reconciliation of reported and historic non-GAAP financial measures discussed on this call is provided in our 8-K and today's earnings presentation posted on the investor section of our website, verisk.com. However, we are not able to provide a reconciliation of projected Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, and Adjusted EPS to the most directly comparable expected GAAP results because of the unreasonable effort and high unpredictability of estimating certain items that are excluded from projected non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, and Adjusted EPS, including, for example, tax consequences, acquisition-related costs, gains and losses from dispositions and other non-recurring expenses, the effect of which may be significant. Now I'd like to turn the call over to Lee Shavel.

Thanks Stacey. Good morning everyone and thank you for joining us. Today, I will provide a broad overview of our first quarter financial results. Elizabeth will go into more detail in her financial review. I will give some details on our innovation activity, including some recent AI developments. Finally, I will wrap up with highlights from our client engagement during the quarter. Turning to the results, Verisk delivered organic constant currency revenue growth of 4.7%, with growth across both underwriting and claims and sustained strong growth of 7% in subscription revenues. Our focus on efficiency and cost discipline drove organic constant currency Adjusted EBITDA growth of 5.9%, delivering 60 basis points of margin expansion.

This growth was modestly ahead of our expectations and included the impact of the factors we previously communicated, namely the carryover impact of the very low weather activity, tougher compares from strong renewals last year, and a work stoppage in a federal government contract. While this quarter's performance is modestly below our typical growth levels, we have confidence that the resolution of these short-term factors and continued core growth momentum will result in a gradual improvement in revenue growth as we move through the year. We expect 2026 to be another year of performance in line with our long-term growth targets. Last month, we hosted an investor day where we outlined our strategy to drive compounding growth by focusing on four key initiatives.

Specifically, strengthening strategic client relationships, expanding our proprietary and contributory data advantage, delivering a steady stream of innovations to the market, and expanding networks across our businesses. We also reiterated our growth targets for the next three years and provided detailed overviews for each of our key divisions. We truly appreciate that so many of you attended in person or watched the live webcast and would encourage others to look at the materials which are available on the investor section of our website. One hallmark of Verisk's business model is that we have delivered consistent growth across varying macroeconomic, geopolitical, and insurance-specific operating environments. This is due to the mission-critical nature of our solutions, our scale-driven economic advantage, and our diversified set of offerings across underwriting and claims and personal and commercial lines. Today, the insurance industry backdrop in which we are operating is healthy yet evolving.

2025 marked one of the strongest underwriting results in years, with robust industry profitability and near record low combined ratios, helped by unusually low catastrophe losses. With ample capital, carriers are shifting their focus from profitability to growth, resulting in more competition and softening pricing. This dynamic is most pronounced across the property lines, specifically commercial property. On one hand, this drives carriers to be more focused on cost efficiency. However, it is precisely in these types of markets that underwriting discipline and enhanced risk selection is a key focus for our clients, contributing to the need to be informed by the most complete and comprehensive data and analytics available. To that end, our level of engagement remains high as our clients are turning to Verisk as a trusted partner in that pursuit.

At Verisk, we are focused on supporting our clients with the most advanced data, analytics, and insights and investing at scale in new technologies to help them better understand risk and navigate through these dynamic times. We are not only introducing new innovations to the market at a faster rate, but these solutions are more impactful as they address some of the industry's most pressing challenges with more timely and more frequent insights and more efficiency and automation. As an example, within our underwriting data and analytics solutions business, we continue to enhance and strengthen our leading property solutions through our innovations using aerial imagery. By integrating this advanced technology, we have innovated with more accurate property-level insights at scale, namely our roof age and aerial imagery analytics solutions that address longstanding challenges for the industry.

We have invested behind continuous data refreshment and have expanded our analytical capabilities, resulting in a product that offers better risk selection and faster underwriting. Client adoption has been strong with our enhanced aerial imagery offerings growing revenue more than 30% over the last two years. We have additional innovations which are slated for introduction this year, including wind and hail peril scores and remaining roof life. Within our anti-fraud business, our Digital Media Forensics is an AI-powered solution that automates anomaly detection in photos and documents, a growing source of fraud risk for the industry. This innovation reinforces our position as a key partner in fraud analytics and highlights our scale and ability to organically build new contributory data sets to help the industry address a growing challenge.

Through innovation, we are driving growth in a heavily penetrated business, and in fact, just this quarter, we onboarded the sixth top 10 carrier to the Digital Media Forensics platform. The changes to our go-to-market strategy, first implemented in 2024 and continued throughout 2025, have enabled us to get ever closer to our clients, understanding their specific needs and delivering better service with high levels of client satisfaction. We are continuing to improve our client engagement with the addition of new sales leadership in our claims business, added sales resources across the business, and the expansion of our client strategy group, which focuses on our largest clients. We recently hosted two key client events, the Insurance Fraud Management Conference, or IFM, our signature anti-fraud event, and the Verisk Insurance Conference, or VIC, as it is known throughout the industry.

VIC is our flagship event where we strategically engage various market participants to learn, network and explore the latest industry trends, innovations, and Verisk solutions that address the most top-of-mind industry dynamics. In fact, this year, 75% of respondents viewed VIC as a must-attend industry event. Both events attracted a record number of attendees from across the global insurance ecosystem, including representatives from the carriers, brokers, reinsurers, regulators, and our channel partners. AI featured prominently across the education program with 23 sessions covering AI-driven product innovation and the role of AI across underwriting, catastrophe modeling, life and annuities, specialty lines, and core platforms. These sessions were the most attended, including hundreds of clients representing a wide range of scale from large global multi-line carriers to regional and small carriers.

In the solutions gallery, the AI showcase focused on five workflow-based AI demos reflecting how we're scaling practical AI in our underwriting, catastrophe and risk, and specialty business areas. Demonstrations focused on showcasing solutions that embed AI directly into workflows, augment human decision-making, improve the usability of complex data, and reinforce Verisk's commitment to responsible regulator-ready AI. I'd note in an AM Best report on AI and insurance released this week, surveyed insurers identified data readiness as the top impediment to AI implementation, even ahead of security and privacy. Companies are keenly focused on how they can partner with Verisk and capitalize on our robust and proprietary data sets through this significant technology transformation. I was particularly impressed with the engagement with our largest clients as they develop their AI strategies.

In several instances, clients have included us in their own internal discussions to explore how we can integrate our data and capabilities into their AI strategies as a co-development partner. There has been a recurring theme that while AI can be powerful, it requires both deep industry knowledge and relevant data sets to be most effectively applied. Coming out of both events, client interest and sales pipelines are robust, and competitive win rates have been very strong. Additionally, we are experiencing a faster pace of trial and growing number of proof of concepts for our AI solutions. In fact, we already have over 20 follow-up meetings set up related to Augmented Underwriting. That said, in certain cases we are seeing an extended sales cycle related to the more complex contracting to incorporate AI governance and compliance.

We are also engaging with many of our large clients, regulators, and the frontier model companies on partnership opportunities to leverage our data and insights. A key focus for all parties is accountability, transparency, governance, and protection of intellectual property. Based on our interactions with several frontier model companies, it is clear that they recognize the importance of leveraging not just proprietary data sets, but also deep industry-specific knowledge and established workflows, all of which we have at Verisk. For these reasons, as well as our focus on accountability, compliance and governance, Verisk was the winner of a competitive RFP process to be the strategic partner of a global insurance firm to support the creation of a next generation digitally native underwriting entity. Verisk will contribute its established data, actuarial, and analytics capabilities alongside a growing suite of AI-driven platforms and marketplace solutions to co-develop the operating model.

This opportunity reflects continued momentum in commercializing Verisk's multi-year investments in agentic technologies and expanded role in enabling innovation across the insurance value chain. With that, let me turn the call over to Elizabeth for the detailed financial review.

Thanks Lee and good day to everyone on the call. On a consolidated and GAAP basis, first quarter revenue was $783 million, up 4% versus the prior year. Net income was $234 million, a 1% increase versus the prior year, while diluted GAAP EPS were $1.73, up 5% versus the prior year. The increase in net income and diluted GAAP EPS reflects solid operational performance and a lower average share count, offset in part by higher interest expense and a higher effective tax rate. Moving to our organic constant currency results adjusted for non-operating items as defined in the non-GAAP financial measures section of our press release, our operating results demonstrate continued growth across both underwriting and claims.

In the first quarter, OCC revenues grew 4.7%, with growth of 5.3% in underwriting and 3.4% in claims. This quarter's performance, while below our typical level, was ahead of our expectations as we continue to drive growth despite the shorter-term headwinds that we have previously communicated, namely the carryover effect of a lower level of weather-related events, tough comparisons from strong renewals last year, and the work stoppage in a federal government contract. The durability of our subscription revenues is the best demonstration of the ongoing health of our business and the mission-critical nature of our solutions.

In the first quarter 2026, subscription revenues, which comprised 84% of our total revenues in the quarter, grew 7% on an OCC basis, compounding on top of a 10.6% organic constant currency increase from the first quarter of the prior year. These gross levels reflect the lower weather events, as well as the negative impact of the work stoppage in the government contract, But otherwise, this quarter's subscription growth was broad-based with our performance from our largest subscription-based solutions. In forms, rules, and loss costs, we are driving strong price realization in renewals as we continue to demonstrate to our clients the enhanced value created through our Reimagine initiative. In the first quarter, we released seven new client-facing modules, and we anticipate a total of 25 releases for 2026 as we continue to innovate and enhance our core offering.

We are also continuing to onboard new data contributors, both in core lines where we added four new carriers, as well as in our new excess and surplus lines contributory data program, where we now have contributions representing more than $15 billion in premium. Within catastrophe and risk solutions, we delivered another quarter of double-digit growth driven by the expansion of contracts with existing clients, competitive wins, and the addition of new logos, including many clients that are new to catastrophe modeling. Specifically, we had key multi-year contract expansions in the quarter with two top carriers, as well as new wins in the casualty modeling space, where we are the provider of the industry's first probabilistic casualty catastrophe model.

Client interest in Verisk Synergy Studio, our next generation catastrophe risk platform, is high and live previews have been well-received. The release of our updated U.S. Tropical Cyclone Model and the production release of Verisk Synergy Studio remain on track, and clients are expanding their hosting relationships with Verisk in preparation for the launch of the platform. In anti-fraud, we are driving strong value realization in renewals as a result of our enhanced data insights and expanded ecosystem strategy. Additionally, new inventions, including Claims Coverage Identifier and Digital Media Forensics, which Lee mentioned earlier, are seeing strong client adoption, and we have a deep pipeline of opportunities. Within our life business, we continue to deliver double-digit organic revenue growth driven by new client wins, as well as the expansion of relationships with existing clients.

Recently, we closed our first combined FAST SuranceBay deal with a major life and annuity carrier, demonstrating the synergistic value creation we can drive by combining these businesses. Our transactional revenues, which comprise 16% of our total revenues in the quarter, declined 6.1% on an OCC basis. The primary driver of this decline continues to be lower volumes in property and restoration solutions due to low levels of weather activity. As a reminder, the first quarter of 2025 included a benefit from claims associated with Hurricane Helene and Hurricane Milton. Additionally, softness in the personal lines auto business, as well as a lower level of overage revenues in the property business, also negatively impacted growth.

Moving to our Adjusted EBITDA results, OCC Adjusted EBITDA growth was 5.9% in the quarter, while total Adjusted EBITDA margins, which include both organic and inorganic results, were 55.9%, up 60 basis points from the prior year. This level of margin expansion reflects the operational leverage of our business model and our ongoing commitment to cost discipline, including global talent optimization, offset in part by increased investment in AI technologies. As is typical, we expect our expenses to ramp as we move throughout the year. Continuing down the income statement, net interest expense was $43 million compared to $36 million in the prior year period due to higher debt balances and higher interest rates. During the first quarter, we issued $1 billion of senior notes and entered into a $500 million term loan.

We used these proceeds to fund the previously announced $1.5 billion accelerated share repurchase program. Of note, at the close of the quarter, we have $250 million outstanding on the term loan. Our current leverage stands at two point four times debt to Adjusted EBITDA, which is well within our targeted range of two to three times. We anticipate the run rate of quarterly interest expense to be higher than the first quarter of 2026, reflecting a full period's impact of the new debt issued. Our reported effective tax rate was 24.1%, compared to 21.6% in the prior year quarter. The year-over-year increase was driven by lower tax benefits from a lower level of employee stock option exercise activity.

We continue to expect our tax rate to be in the 23%-26% range for the full year. Adjusted net income increased 0.6% to $246 million and diluted Adjusted EPS increased 5.2% to $1.82 per share for the quarter. The increase was driven by solid revenue growth, strong margin expansion, and a lower average share count. This was partially offset by higher interest expense and a higher tax rate. From a cash flow perspective, on a reported basis, net cash from operating activities decreased 12% to $390 million, while free cash flow decreased 17% to $326 million.

The decrease in both cash flow measures was primarily driven by a tax refund collected in the prior year period that did not recur this year, as well as higher interest payments. If adjusted for last year's tax refund, both cash flow measures would have seen growth in the quarter. We remain committed to returning capital to shareholders. During the first quarter, we paid a cash dividend of $0.50 per share, an 11% increase from the prior year, totaling $66 million. Additionally, we initiated a $1.5 billion accelerated share repurchase program, which is expected to run at least through the second quarter. We also repurchased $126 million of stock through an open market repurchase program. In total, we retired 7.6 million shares in the first quarter of 2026.

We currently have approximately $1 billion remaining under our share repurchase authorization. Turning to guidance, we are reaffirming our outlook for 2026. More specifically, we continue to expect consolidated revenue in the range of $3.19 billion-$3.24 billion. Adjusted EBITDA is expected to be between $1.79 billion and $1.83 billion, with Adjusted EBITDA margins of 56%-56.5%. We continue to expect net interest expense of $190 million-$200 million and our effective tax rate to be in the range of 23%-26%. Taken together, this results in adjusted earnings per share for the year in the range of $7.45-$7.75. A few things to note as you update your models.

First, as we said last quarter, we expect the first quarter of 2026 to be a trough, both in terms of organic constant currency revenue growth rates and absolute dollars and forecast a gradual improvement as we move through the year. Second, we continue to face tougher comparisons in the H1 of this year, as last year benefited from a strong subscription renewal cycle across our largest underwriting businesses. Third, all guidance figures reflect the impact of the divestiture of Verisk Marketing Solutions, which contributed $68 million in revenue in 2025 with little seasonality and represents an $0.11 headwind to earnings per share. Finally, specific to the second quarter, we remind you that the prior year quarter's reported margins benefited from a foreign currency translation impact, which contributed 120 basis points to margin, and which we do not expect to recur.

A complete listing of all guidance measures can be found in the earnings slide deck, which has been posted to the investor section of our website, verisk.com. Now let me turn the call back over to Lee for some closing remarks.

Thanks Elizabeth. In summary, we delivered a solid start to 2026 with organic revenue growth, expanding margins, and strong cash generation despite several temporary headwinds. The resilience of our subscription-based model, combined with disciplined execution and continued investment in high return initiatives, positions us well for the remainder of the year. We are excited about the growth opportunities ahead and have confidence in delivering a year of growth in 2026 that is in line with our long-term growth targets and compounds the solid year in 2025. We continue to appreciate all the support and interest in Verisk. Given the large number of Analysts we have covering us, we ask that you limit yourself to one question. With that, I'll ask the operator to open the line for questions.

We will now begin the question and answer session. Please limit yourself to one question. If you'd like to ask a question, please press star one to raise your hand. To withdraw your question, press star one again. We ask that you pick up your handset when asking a question to allow for optimum sound quality. If you're muted locally, please remember to unmute your device. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. Your first question comes from the line of Ashish Sabadra with RBC Capital Markets. Your line is open. Please go ahead.

Thanks for taking my question. In the prepared remarks, there was a comment on strong pricing realization on renewals. I was wondering if you could unpack that further. Can you talk about how the NWPs are impacting pricing, but also how you're getting pricing on the non-NWP contracts? Thanks.

Sure, Ashish. The way I would summarize that is, both at our large client multi-year renewals, we have seen a consistent trend of our ability to achieve stronger price increases on an annualized basis for those multi-year contracts, as well as either similar terms or longer terms reflecting the criticality of the data, the importance, particularly in this AI environment. They have been averaging approximately between four and five years, which we think has is a very strong indication of our role as a fundamental partner to what they're doing. The comment reflects that as well as our ability on the annual increases to secure pricing increases reflective of the greater value that we're providing through our Core Lines Reimagine initiative. That's generally been true across both of those levels. Hopefully that unpacks a little bit the strength that we're referring to in those comments.

That's okay. It's okay. Thanks.

Next question, operator.

Your next question comes from the line of Toni Kaplan with Morgan Stanley. Toni, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Lee, you talked in the prepared remarks about clients wanting to use your data and capabilities in their internal AI strategies, which makes a lot of sense given your proprietary data. I was hoping you could talk about how you see the monetization model for that type of situation. Could you be net neutral in selling your data versus selling a whole software solution? I guess, does selling just the data limit your ability to cross-sell if they're not using your interface? No, because you'll still have sales people trying to upsell those clients anyway, and so you're just as well off. I know you wanna partner with these clients to try to maximize the value. Just wanted to understand the puts and takes of monetization of the different models and situations. Thanks.

Toni, I think the monetization opportunity for us is going to be rooted in the fact that the application of AI, which could come from client-developed solutions, frontier model companies, our integration of generative AI or agentic AI, all driven off of the data sets that we are providing on a structured, clean, industry-wide basis. I was very reassured to see in the AM Best report that I referred to that there was a consistent observation that data readiness in its ability to integrate with AI is one of the biggest challenges that the industry faces.

Individual clients, facing legacy system issues in utilizing that data, even within their own data, creates that natural partnership opportunity for us to deliver that data and connect it to this technology in a way that allows them to achieve more value because the data is more usable, it's broader, it's in-industry data, that will enable us to give them more value for the data that we've, that we provide. I start with that foundation. We think that it will also encourage more use of our data, within specific data sets, but also across our related areas in underwriting claims in CAT modeling and the models.

Our monetization strategy, I think will consist of both realizing more value through our pricing arrangements, as well as at the outset, opening up new specific data utilization for AI applications that are specific purposes that we are adapting our data to, that are driving value realization from our clients. I think in the near term, what we are seeing is our clients have moved beyond an experimentation and an exploration phase in 2025 to realizing that integrating these data sets into what they're doing and their functions is going to create value.

They need that greater data readiness data, better data quality and partnership between us, their objectives, and technology providers, both on the frontier, AI model companies, as well as in some case, the infrastructure or policy administration system partners, and we are working with each of those entities. I think that will create both near-term opportunities as we begin to implement that, as well as longer-term opportunities from a pricing standpoint for the data. I, this is certainly going to evolve over time as the industry experiments and experiences what's possible here.

Thank you.

Your next question comes from the line of Jeff Meuler with Baird. Jeff, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Thank you. There was a comment, Lee, from you in the prepared remarks about extended sales cycles for some AI solutions. I just wanna make sure I'm understanding what you're trying to convey there correctly. Are you trying to insert any incremental caution relative to your prior commentary on how revenue should develop for you over the balance of the year? Or is this just all about governance and compliance of AI solutions of a disruptive tech in a risk-focused industry or anything on if the competitive set is broader after you go after those opportunities or anything like that?

Jeff, what that reflects is as we are pursuing these specific AI opportunities and even the our existing contracts, AI is an element where both our clients and we need to be thoughtful about intellectual property, the issues related to that, privacy issues associated with that. It has added an additional complexity in negotiating and adapting our contracts to those specific purposes. I think we have seen in these larger contract renewals, we're having to spend some more time working our way through these issues. I think that that will improve over time for us as industry standards on dealing with these issues improve.

And I think that the other advantage that we have in that regard is that we are very used to dealing with issues on data governance, security, privacy issues, given the trusted role that we have with our clients' data. And I think we'll be in a better position to resolve those issues because in many ways, they're extensions of the trust and the governance, the data governance components that we have around it. You know, what we are signaling is, you know, this is an element that is taking a little longer to work through. It goes hand in hand with the new opportunity and with what we are seeing is a growing pipeline of opportunities, which is the case.

It may take a little longer for us to work those through from a contractual standpoint as we feel this out. Yes, there is a little bit of caution, but it relates to, I think, this growing opportunity and what it represents for us longer term.

Thanks, Lee.

Your next question comes from the line of George Tong with Goldman Sachs. George, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Hi. Thanks. Good morning. You mentioned expectations of gradual improvement in organic revenue growth moving through the year. Can you provide some color on the cadence of improvement, taking into account factors like weather, property underwriting overages and subscription renewal timing?

Yeah, happy to. Look, we indicated that we expected 1Q to be the trough, and we continue to expect that with improvement from here. On a reported revenue standpoint, I think we can expect a steady build to the full year amount that we gave in our guidance range as the year progresses. Some of the headwinds that we've talked about from a year-over-year perspective will persist into that second quarter. You could still see from an OCC perspective the second quarter falling below our long-term guidance range. That's just a function of the year-over-year impact still of the headwinds we talked about in the H2 of 2025. The core of our business remains strong. As we move past that year-over-year impact, we expect the underlying strength and health of the business, with the strength of our subscription revenues to reemerge.

Got it. Very helpful. Thank you.

Your next call comes from David Motemaden with Evercore. David, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Hey, thanks. Good morning. Elizabeth, I believe you had mentioned that you added four new carriers to the Core Lines contributory data set. I'm wondering, to the extent you can share, were any of those among your top 10 or top 25 carrier relationships? More broadly, as carriers deploy some of their own AI underwriting assistance and AI tools, have conversations changed around the value of continuing to contribute to Verisk's contributory data ecosystem?

We continue to see strength on the engagement of the contribution from carriers both large and small, but I'm gonna ask my colleague, Saurabh Khemka, to add some color to that.

Yeah, absolutely. As Elizabeth mentioned, we continue to see strong engagement with carriers, both large and small, on the value of contributing data to our industry data set. You know, we mentioned the E&S data set as a great example where we have new contributions both from large and small carriers around a new data set because we're able to provide some benchmarks that they didn't have previously. We continue to see that engagement. The four carriers that we mentioned are part of that overall 100 new contributors that we mentioned as we launched Reimagined, and they're just kind of flowing through our systems now.

Next question.

Your next question comes from the line of Andrew Nicholas with William Blair. Andrew, your call is open. Please go ahead.

Great. Thank you. Appreciate you taking my question. I wanted to go back to kind of like the channel conversation on the AI product front. Sounds like a lot of options here. You have kind of AI native products that you're building yourself, maybe some co-development work and then potential partnerships with the frontier model providers. I'm just curious, as you think about all those different paths, you know, is there a difference in monetization potential between them? Is there any preference in terms of channel, taking into account kind of scalability or pace of adoption or how much, you know, investment is required to get that off the ground? Just trying to figure out to the extent that one of those paths becomes a more common consumption of your assets, if that has any impact on the fundamentals. Thank you.

Yeah. Andrew, I think the most important aspect from our perspective is making certain that we are responding to what our clients' preferences are and needs. Each client is gonna be different. There are some of our clients that are actively engaged with some of the frontier models. There are others that have been exploring those partnerships and have come to us in that one instance that we referred and selected us to be their partner in developing their underwriting agentic solution. There are clients at a very high skill level that are developing their own AI applications and working with us to integrate our data into it. We have smaller companies that have been very engaged in utilizing the AI solutions that we've implemented into our products.

I think our primary focus is in making certain that we can be as responsive as possible to the variety of approaches and needs that our clients are taking. I think from a scalability standpoint, We've been pleased so far that we've been able to adapt our data sets relatively easily into these AI applications. One reason for that is that a lot of this investment has been made first in the natural standardization and of the migration of our data sets into the cloud, which has facilitated that access. We already provide standardization as a function of what we do.

Thirdly, our ability to adapt prior to this to a more API-driven access to our data sets has facilitated our ability to tie that to MCP or Model Context Protocol applications that have been the primary channel for agentic applications and even large language models. I would not say at this stage that we see differentiation in the scalability of that opportunity. We do see a variety of applications that our clients or channels that they're pursuing, and our data fortunately has the flexibility to be easily adapted and applied to a wide range. I wouldn't say that we see a preference at this stage.

Your next question comes from the line of Manav Patnaik with Barclays. Manav, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Good morning. Lee, you talked about, I think what was noticeable to me at least, the more impactful innovation at a faster rate. I'm just curious, like, how much of that, you know, gets absorbed as part of your value pricing strategy that you have, as opposed to, you know, driving new incremental revenue? You know, I guess, unless today you reiterated your long term, from the way you were describing this, it sounded like it could be incremental. I'm just trying to parse that out, if that makes sense.

Yes, Manav, I would say that the balance, the greater balance of that, is applied to developing new revenue opportunities for us. Those innovations are creating a distinctively incremental level of value that may not have occurred before. When we were talking about, for instance, aerial imagery, those are new analytics that provide lift or improved outcomes to our clients that they otherwise wouldn't have had access to before. If we think of it as something that is separate and additional to the loss cost data or the ProMetrix data or the 360Value data on restoration costs, these are new applications that provide incremental value. Similarly, Digital Media Forensics is while providing an anti-fraud solution, this is something that is being applied to those digital images.

It's a similar model, but it is something that is incremental to the overall purpose. I would say the significant majority of that focus is in developing new sources of revenue rather than, just enhancing the existing value of what we already have.

Your next question comes from the line of Jeff Silber with BMO Capital Markets. Jeff, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Thanks so much. You talked a bit earlier regarding a contract renewal and embedding the different aspects of AI into the negotiation. I'm just curious, I know, you know, from a market perspective, we've seen, I guess, what you called in the past normalization of net written premium growth, but your clients are still under a lot of pressure focusing on profitability. Are you seeing any changes, either pushback on price increases or lengthening of sales cycles because of that specific item, and how are you addressing that?

Jeff, I'd have to say we aren't seeing that, in, that's not the primary, you know, the primary driver. In fact, notwithstanding, the, some of the net written premium softness, I do think that the profitability that we've seen in terms of significantly improved combined ratios for the industry is creating a level of profitability that, on the one hand, is, creates, I think, an opportunity for them to invest a little bit more heavily in technology, coming at a time where there is more demand for data and analytics and AI to be applied to it. I think generally the market, has been, or our client set, the industry, has been leaning into technology, naturally AI.

With the recognition that clean, structured, accessible data sets are going to be important to that, I think that has been a dimension that has supported our contract negotiations and renewals with them. The fact that we have our largest clients in a variety of recent renewals over the past, over the past 12 months, who have recommitted to long multi-year contracts, I think is a demonstration of the importance of that data and its value, even in this, in this industry of technological change and adaptation, as well as a softening premium market. You know, these dynamics, the adoption and the utilization of technology, in many ways supersede the year-to-year fluctuations in the overall, in the overall market.

Your next question comes from the line of Henry Hayden with Rothschild & Co Redburn. Henry, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Yeah, morning everyone. Thanks for taking our questions. We were hoping for an update on the cross-sell environment that you're seeing, specifically as it relates to how adoption of digital modules from existing solution upgrades is trending. Are you seeing an acceleration uptake as you sort of work through the client base? And what's the current state of penetration of that? Thanks.

Thanks for the question, Henry. We are seeing a strong environment with a lot of interest and engagement in our new products. We talked about the engagement that we saw from clients at VIC and the pretty active pipeline of trials, POCs, engagement, and new subscriptions on the new product. We continue to be, you know, happy about the cross-sell opportunity and enthused to provide that value to the client.

Henry, if I could add a dimension to that, I think there are two levels that this is operating for us. One is, because of a better strategic dialogue that we've had with our clients that has improved, we have seen improved in an individual product cross-sells as we're better able to speak to the strategic value or the return on investment of our products at that strategic level. The second dimension is that our clients have been more engaged in working with us to understand how we can integrate data sets and product functionality across that. Building and working towards more enterprise-oriented solutions that tie our products together to meet some of their specific goals. I think we're excited about the opportunities of doing more of that across the industry.

Great. Thank you.

Your next question comes from the line of Curtis Nagle with Bank of America. Curtis, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Great. Just, maybe relatively straightforward one for me. Just in terms of, the shape of the year in growth, you know, what is the expected contribution from, the new Core Lines Reimagined modules, that you're continuing to feather in, versus, say, just, you know, the impact of some of the easier comps in the H2 of the year?

Thanks. Yeah, I think it depends on how you look at it. From a year-over-year comparison, that will be driven, you know, the improvement over the balance of the year will be driven by the easier year-over-year comps. As we said, we expect a steady build in reported revenue. The forms rules and loss cost business as our largest business will be contributing to that. I think we mentioned it as a driver of subscription growth in this first quarter, that will persist. But all of our businesses are showing a pretty strong subscription outcome still, that will build over the course of the year.

Oh, okay. Thank you. Appreciate it.

Your next question comes from the line of Kelsey Zhu with Autonomous. Kelsey, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Good morning and thanks for taking my question. Just circling back to AI, where do you see as the biggest margin or top-line opportunity brought by your own AI investment? Any thoughts around sizing that top-line margin upside from AI would be really helpful. I know you've talked about aerial imagery, Digital Forensics, but any other incremental revenue or cost opportunities you want to highlight here that weren't previously available in the pre-AI world? Thanks a lot.

Thanks. Thanks, Kelsey. We've been talking about the AI opportunity in our new products, and we see that continuing to build. From a, you know, from a material impact standpoint, we haven't sized it on the top line. We still continue to think of it as a long-term opportunity. On the margin, we do see, we are seeing the benefit of efficiency and productivity on our software development teams, on our data ingestion and others. We're also, at the same time, investing in the new technology and in our data to build the AI-ready and the MCP solutions that we're excited about. I would say for the time being, we see it as a, as a push on the margin and is embedded in our guide of gradual margin expansion for the year.

Yeah. Kelsey, you know, perhaps to add another dimension to this and just ask, you know, answering it broadly, because there are a lot of applications. I think, you know, if we think about where it can be most impactful, and we look at what the industry is trying to achieve, one of their top objectives is increasing productivity, whether it's for an underwriter or an agent or a claims professional. You know, that's where I think we can accelerate and support that productivity objective.

It's an area where in other parts of our business, when we have been able to demonstrate productivity improvement, for instance, with a claims adjuster, or a claims estimator, that demonstrates real value for them because they can accomplish more faster, that becomes a clear path to value realization and our ability to participate in that value realization. I think, you know, if we think about that broader, that broader opportunity, if we can support that activity, applying our data to it, integrating those data sets, and we're improving that productivity for that client. I think that supports value realization in terms of the longer term contracts that we enter into and demonstrating value.

In a similar fashion to what we've also been able to realize, demonstrated by the stronger subscription growth that we've been able to achieve because of our Core Lines Reimagine initiative. That was digitizing a lot of the data, improving their access. We've heard it directly and indirectly that that's improved productivity, and I think AI will be an extension, potentially an acceleration of that opportunity, which then supports our ability to capture value through that message. That's, you know, a very broad answer, but I think that captures what we see as the primary opportunity for monetization on our front.

Super helpful. Thanks a lot.

Your next question comes from the line of Alex Kramm with UBS. Alex, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Yeah, thanks. Hey, good morning everyone. Lee, you mentioned this, I think underwriting platform that you're developing with one client. Not sure to what degree that was disclosed already, but can you maybe flesh out what exactly you're doing there and obviously, like the revenue model there? Is this just a one-off with one client, or is this becoming more of an industry utility over time, and are there opportunities to do something similar with other clients, obviously?

Yes, Alex. It is a one-off specific to this customer. I think it's indicative of our client's broad objectives to think about how they can restructure their processes and integrate different data sets. Specifically, as we discussed in the call, you know, the project is to work with them on restructuring, reimagining their underwriting process, integrating a range of our data sets as well as agentic technologies that we are providing on the underwriting side, to be able to improve the efficiency and the effectiveness of that underwriting process. That came after an RFP of a large number of potential clients, some from the technology side, some from the software side, some from the AI side.

It was our familiarity with the process, our data governance, elements, and their comfort with our knowledge and expertise on it that drove it. It, it is specific to the needs of that client and what their objectives are, and that's, I think, a reflection of the stronger strategic dialogue that we've had with a variety of our clients as well as our expertise. I would also describe it as something that we're hearing from a range of our clients, and something that I could see us doing with a much larger number of our clients.

Very helpful, thank you.

Your next question comes from the line of Jason Haas with Wells Fargo. Jason, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Hey, good morning and thanks for taking my question. Can you talk about the moat around your underwriting data analytics solutions business, and what prevents your competitors or largest customers from using AI to recreate this data? I know there's a lot that goes into it, but curious if you could talk about some of the major, data that's in there, and the defensibility. Thank you.

Yes. Jason, I'm gonna hand this over to my colleague, Saurabh Khemka, who runs all of our underwriting businesses, to address that.

Jason, let me talk about a few things. First, a lot of our data sets are proprietary to us, whether it's contributory or self-sourced, that is an element of moat. The second, what we do with the data is analytics that are normalization or, you know, looking at data across our platforms, which is again, something that is unique to us. The third thing I'll say is our experience and our focus on risk segmentation, taking that data and creating analytics that drive, you know, greater lift and greater segmentation for our clients is a differentiator for us. I mean, we've talked about aerial imagery today. We went from roof age to roof condition to specific wind and hail perils, and now looking at remaining life for a roof. These are all new segmentation.

Finally, we are the trusted provider. When we think about how we standardize and the scale at which we standardize when we go to regulators, we're able to offer our turnkey solution to our customers, which is a filed analytic that they can use very easily. That describes it at broader ways kind of the moat that we have.

Great. Thank you.

Your next question comes from Scott Wurtzel with Wolfe Research. Scott, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Great. Good morning guys. Thank you for taking my question. Apologies that I had missed this earlier, just wondering if you can talk about the sustainability of the subscription OCC revenue growth. I know it decelerated a little bit to 7%, just wondering if you can talk about, you know, if you can see a, you know, sustainable growth in that high single-digit range. Thanks.

Yeah, thanks for the question, Scott. We do continue to see sustainability of that subscription growth rate. You know, we've talked about the fact that we had double digits in the year ago cycle, and that level may not itself be sustainable. Where we are is amply continuing and continues to be strong as we talked about some of the subscription outcomes we saw in the first quarter, not just in 1 business.

You know, not only in our forms, rules, and loss cost business, which continues to see the benefit and strong retention, and even, you know, extending terms and improved pricing based on Core Lines Reimagined, but also strong subscription growth across our portfolio in the catastrophe and risk solutions business, in the property and restoration solutions business as carriers continue to see the value and the AI enhancements driven on the solution. We really see strong engagement across our portfolio and the investments that we're doing on those products driving good outcomes and good conversations with the clients.

Great. Thank you.

This concludes today's call. Thank you for attending. You may now disconnect.

Good day, everyone, and welcome to the Verisk Analytics, Inc. Fourth Quarter 2025 Earnings Results Conference Call. This call is being recorded. Currently, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After today's prepared remarks, we will conduct a question-and-answer session where we will limit participants to one question so that we can allow everyone to ask a question. We will have further instructions for you at that time. For opening remarks and introductions, I would like to turn the call over to Head of Investor Relations, Stacey Brodbar. Stacey, please go ahead. Thank you, operator, and good day, everyone. We appreciate you joining us today for a discussion of our fourth quarter 2025 financial results. On the call today are Lee M. Shavel, Verisk Analytics, Inc. president and chief executive officer, and Elizabeth D. Mann, chief financial officer. The earnings release referenced on this call as well as our traditional quarterly earnings presentation and the associated 10-Ks can be found in the Investor section of our website, verisk.com. The earnings release has also been attached to an 8-K that we have furnished to the SEC. A replay of this call will be available for 30 days on our website and by dial-in. As set forth in more detail in today's earnings release, I will remind everyone that today's call may include forward-looking statements about Verisk Analytics, Inc. future performance including those related to our financial guidance. Actual performance could differ materially from what is suggested by our comments today. Information about the factors that could affect future performance is contained in our recent SEC filings. A reconciliation of reported and historic non-GAAP financial measures discussed on this call is provided in our 8-K and today's earnings presentation posted on the Investors section of our website, verisk.com. However, we are not able to provide a reconciliation of projected adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin to the most directly comparable expected GAAP results because of the unreasonable effort and high unpredictability of estimating certain items that are excluded from projected non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin, including, for example, tax consequences, acquisition-related costs, gains and losses from dispositions, and other nonrecurring expenses, the effect of which may be significant. And now I would like to turn the call over to Lee M. Shavel. Thanks, Stacey.

Good morning, and thank you for taking the time to join us this morning. Today, I will provide a broad overview of our fourth quarter and full year 2025 results and portfolio actions as well as our financial and strategic outlook for the year ahead. Elizabeth will give a more detailed view in our financial review. I will also offer recent perspective on our industry engagement including client discussions around current operating environment and developments around the uses of advanced technologies including the evolution of AI. Finally, I will finish with some updates on recent inventions we have introduced into the market to provide some context on how we are leveraging the demand and opportunity. Turning to the results. I am pleased to share that Verisk Analytics, Inc. delivered solid financial results for 2025 marked by organic constant currency revenue growth of 6.6%, organic constant currency adjusted EBITDA growth of 8.5%, and strong free cash flow growth. This growth was in line with the guidance that we provided at the beginning of the year and was achieved despite some temporary headwinds including a year of very low weather activity. The solid financial results in 2025 close out the three-year period with growth at or above the midpoint of the long-term expectations we set at Investor Day in 2023. As we look ahead, we continue to have confidence in delivering against our long-term growth targets based on the ongoing adoption of data and technology across the global insurance industry and our opportunity to support the needs of our clients and address their objectives with our distinct capabilities. Before we turn to the strategic discussion, I want to address the two portfolio actions taken at the end of the fourth quarter.

First,

we made the difficult decision to terminate the definitive agreement to purchase AccuLinks. We had strong conviction that the acquisition could create substantial value for the insurance ecosystem and would drive growth and generate strong returns on capital for Verisk Analytics, Inc. We went to great lengths and made extensive efforts to address FTC requests. That said, following the notice from the FTC that the review would be extended, the opportunity cost of waiting on the sidelines through a long, uncertain, and costly approval process was too high given the rapidly evolving environment. Second, we sold Verisk Marketing Solutions during the quarter. This transaction is a demonstration of our ongoing portfolio management and our commitment to focusing on data analytics and technology solutions for the global insurance industry. Turning to 2026, the insurance industry is healthy, coming off a strong 2025 marked by solid mid-single-digit net written premium growth, and consistently better year-over-year combined ratios, reflecting strong overall profitability. This is positive for the industry's interest and capability to adopt and integrate improved data, analytics, and technology into their businesses, particularly at a time when efficiency, better risk selection, and the adoption and integration of new technologies are top of mind. This is one of the reasons I am so pleased to share that Steve Cotterer has joined Verisk Analytics, Inc. to lead our claims business. Steve brings with him valuable perspective and intensive expertise developed across his three decades of experience working as a consultant at firms including McKinsey,

Bain,

and most recently Parthenon. Steve has focused on advising leading global carriers and brokers on transforming insurance industry workflows using data and technology including AI, and will be instrumental in advancing our client engagement and building on our active partnership with the industry. Turning our attention to client engagement, we are in constant dialogue with our clients covering strategic and technological issues and over the last year, I have been part of many C-suite conversations with chief underwriting officers, chief risk officers, and chief claims officers to discuss their AI strategies and how they would like to work with Verisk Analytics, Inc. in adapting our data, analytics, and connectivity to their evolving needs. There were two common elements in these conversations. One, how can we continue to enhance the critical data that the industry overwhelmingly trusts us to provide and two, how can we help support practical, safe, and regulatorily approved applications of evolving AI technologies with good ROIs. The unique nature of the insurance industry requires a massive amount of specific and representative data in order to ensure rate adequacy, evaluate claims fairly, promote competition and innovation as well as satisfy the needs of regulators. High quality data is critical for accuracy and effectiveness. And Verisk Analytics, Inc. is in a unique position as one of very few providers who currently aggregate data from multiple sources, organize it, and normalize it, in order to glean insights about risk at a granular level and include that in innovative products and services it files on behalf of our clients. In fact, Verisk Analytics, Inc. submits over 2,000 regulatory product filings each year on behalf of our clients and our government relations teams interact with all 50 state regulators on a daily basis. And it is this data quality, breadth, and organization that is essential to effective AI deployment. We already have the data infrastructure in place, and, in many instances, have AI tools built into associated workflows to enhance carrier accuracy and efficiency. In fact, we currently have more than 35 AI-powered projects and solutions for both internal and external purposes in use today. And we have plans to introduce many more throughout 2026. In order to illustrate this more concretely, I wanted to share one very specific description of our integration of the evolving range of AI technologies into our products, its adoption by our clients, the unique strengths we bring to that process. I recently returned from our Elevate conference in Salt Lake City where we bring together key participants in the claims process including carriers, adjusters, contractors, and other ecosystem technology partners to discuss technology development and adoption for this professional community that is dedicated to helping policyholders recover from damage to their property. At the conference, we unveiled the next generation of our AI-enabled estimating products, ExactGen. This product builds on a progression of AI technology that started with Exact Expert which we launched in 2023. Exact Expert uses rules-based logic and machine learning to assist estimators with identifying discrepancies in their estimates, providing advice on what questions should be asked, and correcting errors based on their employer's established rule set and experience. Exact Expert has been rapidly adopted industry wide including by seven of the top 10 homeowners insurers and now serves tens of thousands of adjusters and estimators. At the conference, a major restoration contractor referred to Exact Expert as, quote, an industry game changer. The rapid adoption of the product relied on trust in our proprietary cost repair data sets that underlies the technology and that estimators rely on for their work, and the common process platform in Xactimate that connects industry professionals. We expanded our offering of advanced technologies in our property estimating solutions in October 2025 with the launch of Exact AI. Exact AI applies generative AI to the production of initial estimates with content input from the Xactware platform. As part of the conference, I hosted a fireside chat with the CEO of one of the leading adjusting firms, shared his excitement about the AI platform, and shared that they are training thousands of their employees on the technology. Again, this solution builds on our established and proprietary datasets as well as the workflows relied upon by carrier claims professionals, independent adjusters, and contractors to smoothly settle and resolve a claim, ultimately benefiting policyholders. And now the addition of ExactGen, are adding agentic AI to handle content gathering from many sources, including aerial imagery providers, policyholder photos, and policy information from the carrier, amongst others, to generate near-complete exterior and interior estimates and facilitate settlement and resolution with the involved parties. Not only does ExactGen benefit from the established network of carriers, contractors, and adjusters, but we are integrating data and content from the broader network of technology providers who we have incorporated into our ecosystem. This reduces the burden of on-site professionals because they are spending less time gathering and waiting for information and more time with the affected insured client, accelerating the pace of recovery. The feedback was enthusiastic about how this could improve efficiency and help reduce resolution times, which have long been challenges for the industry. I could take you through similar examples across our other businesses, but the themes and our competitive advantages would remain the same, namely, one, the critical value of our data sets to AI, two, an established industry process and domain expertise to innovate from, three, the importance of existing connectivity to multiple parties in the ecosystem, and four, the ability to invest in innovation at scale and deliver technology across a large installed base, providing an economic advantage to the client and a stronger return on invested capital. It is these same competitive advantages that we capitalize upon to create growth and value for the insurance industry through prior technology transformations, including digitization, cloud, and SaaS. As our 2025 results demonstrated, our business and economic model are strong, as we crossed the $3 billion mark in revenue and delivered another year of solid growth and profitability, robust free cash flow generation, and strong returns on invested capital. We are well positioned to benefit from AI, drive new innovation, further connect the insurance ecosystem, and deliver growth in line with our long-term growth targets. We are energized by the opportunity that lies ahead and are looking forward to speaking about our plans in more detail at our Investor Day on March 5. I will now turn the call over to Elizabeth. Thanks, Lee.

And good day to everyone on the call. On a consolidated and GAAP basis, fourth quarter revenue was $779,000,000, up 5.9% versus the prior year. Net income was $197,000,000, a 6.2% decrease versus the prior year, while diluted GAAP earnings per share were $1.42, down 1% versus the prior year. The decrease in diluted net income and GAAP EPS was due to non-operating items including costs incurred in the current year associated with the early extinguishment of debt, and net gains on the settlement of investments recognized in the prior year. Moving to our organic constant currency results adjusted for non-operating items, as defined in the non-GAAP financial measures section of our press release, Verisk Analytics, Inc. delivered OCC revenue growth of 5.2%, with growth of 7.2% in underwriting, and 0.5% in claims. This growth compounded from 8.6% growth in the prior year period which included the impact of Hurricane Helene and Milton, and was delivered despite the temporary headwinds we had called out previously, namely a historically low level of weather activity and a reduction in a government contract. Together, those two factors combined for an impact of approximately 1% to overall OCC revenue growth in the quarter. For the full year 2025, we delivered OCC revenue growth of 6.6%, marking another year of growth in line with our expectations and in line with our long-term targeted growth range. The continued strong growth of our subscription revenues is the clearest demonstration of the ongoing health of our business. Subscription revenues, which comprised 84% of our total revenues in the quarter, grew 7.7% on an OCC basis, compounding from the 11% organic constant currency increase that we delivered in 2024. The drivers of growth in the quarter were consistent with trends we have seen throughout 2025, including strength across our largest subscription businesses, namely forms, rules and loss costs, catastrophe and risk solutions, and antifraud. Just a quick note, we have officially renamed our Extreme Event Solutions to Catastrophe and Risk Solutions, which we think more accurately describes the breadth of solutions we deliver to the global insurance ecosystem. In forms, rules and loss costs, we continue to execute against and realize the benefits of our Coreline Reimagine program, which is driving strong value realization throughout the renewal process. Throughout 2025, we enhanced our engagement with clients both in terms of frequency of meetings, and seniority of teams we are engaging with. The net result was over 600 client engagements including deep dives, that have served to help us better understand how our clients are leveraging our innovations, while providing us with feedback on how to continue to enhance our solutions in a rapidly evolving environment. In total, we released 22 customer-facing modules, ahead of our target of 20 for the year, with a further 25 modules planned for release in 2026. Once those modules are introduced this year, we will have delivered upon the original scope of the Reimagine investment program. We will continue to drive further enhancement of our proprietary content with additional tools and functionality powered by the evolution of AI, enhancing the value for our clients and for Verisk Analytics, Inc. Within catastrophe and risk solutions, we delivered another quarter of double-digit growth driven by the expansion of contracts with existing clients, solid renewal, and the addition of new logos, including competitive wins. We are seeing strong interest in Verisk Energy Studio, and clients are expanding their hosting relationships with Verisk Analytics, Inc. in preparation for the launch of the platform later this year.

In antifraud,

our ecosystem strategy was further enhanced this year, through the introduction of new partnerships, bringing us to a total of 18 integrations offering new features and functionality to the industry standard ClaimSearch platform. This has helped us drive strong value realization. Additionally, we have continued to drive growth with non-carrier clients including third-party administrators and health care subrogation companies. While we remain in the early stages of commercialization, we are seeing strong interest and uptake in new advanced antifraud inventions, including Claims Coverage Identifier, and Digital Media Forensics. Our transactional revenues, which comprise 16% of total revenues, declined 6.5% on an OCC basis in the fourth quarter. The primary driver of the transactional revenue decline was lower volume in our Property Estimating Solutions business, resulting from continued low levels of weather activity. As a reminder, 2024 included a transaction benefit of slightly less than 1% of total revenue associated with Hurricanes Helene and Milton. Additionally, as we noted on our prior call, softness in our personal lines auto business also negatively impacted growth. Moving to our adjusted EBITDA results, OCC adjusted EBITDA growth was 6.2% in the quarter, while total adjusted EBITDA margin, which includes both organic and inorganic results, was 56.1%, up 200 basis points from the prior-year period. This quarter's margin benefited by approximately 50 basis points from favorable foreign currency translation, with the balance driven by leverage on solid sales growth and ongoing cost discipline. For the full year 2025, OCC adjusted EBITDA grew 8.5%, while adjusted EBITDA margins were 56.2%, up 150 basis points year over year. This margin reflects core operating leverage on solid revenue growth and our continued cost discipline, while absorbing the impact of our self-funded investments back into our business to fund future growth. On a full-year basis, foreign currency translation improved margins by 40 basis points. As such, the normalized operating margin would have been 55.8% for 2025. We do not anticipate large foreign currency impacts on our margins as we move into 2026, as we have taken structural balance sheet actions to reduce volatility going forward. Continuing down the income statement, net interest expense was $57,000,000 compared to $35,000,000 in the prior-year period, due to higher debt balances and interest rates as well as debt issuance costs. This was partially offset by higher interest income on elevated cash balances. On 01/06/2026, we redeemed the $1,500,000,000 in senior notes that were issued in connection with the previously announced planned acquisition of AccuLink. These notes were redeemed following the termination of the definitive agreement to purchase AccuLink in accordance with their special mandatory redemption feature. Pro forma for the redemption, our leverage would have been at 1.9 times at year end.

Our reported effective

tax rate was 19.5%, compared to 26% in the prior-year period. The year-over-year decline was primarily due to tax benefits recognized in connection with the sale of Verisk Marketing Solutions, as well as other discrete tax items. On a full-year basis, our tax rate was 22.5% as compared to 22.6% in the prior year. Adjusted net income increased 11.3% to $253,000,000, and diluted adjusted EPS increased 13% for the quarter. The increase was driven by solid revenue growth, strong margin expansion, a lower tax rate, and lower average share count. This was partially offset by higher interest expense. For the full year, adjusted EPS of $7.16 was up 7.8%, reflecting strong operational results and a lower share count, offset in part by higher interest expense and higher depreciation expense. From a cash flow perspective, on a reported basis, net cash from operating activities increased 34% to $343,000,000, while free cash flow increased to $276,000,000. On a full-year basis, free cash flow increased 30% to $1,190,000,000, reflecting solid operating profit growth and some benefit from the timing of certain cash tax payments and the timing of interest income and interest expense paid. We are committed to a shareholder-centric deployment of that powerful free cash flow generation. During the quarter, we returned $286,000,000 through repurchases and dividends. Today, I am pleased to announce our intention to execute a $1,500,000,000 accelerated share repurchase program in the coming days, supported by our Board's approval of an increase in our share repurchase authorization to $2,500,000,000 inclusive of the previously remaining authorization amount. After the ASR, we will have a further $1,000,000,000 in authorization, which will provide flexibility for continued open market purchases subject to market conditions. Our Board has also approved an 11% increase to our dividend to $2 per share annually. As we discussed, we enter 2026 with clear strategic momentum, and are capitalizing on the substantial opportunity in a rapidly evolving environment. To that end, we are pleased to deliver our outlook for 2026 which builds upon the solid performance from 2025. All guidance figures reflect the impact of the sale of Verisk Marketing Solutions, which contributed $68,000,000 in revenue in 2025 and was included in our underwriting subsegment. Our guidance also assumes current foreign currency exchange rates and current interest rates.

More specifically,

we expect consolidated revenue for 2026 to be in the range of $3,190,000,000 to $3,240,000,000. We expect adjusted EBITDA to be in the range of $1,790,000,000 to $1,830,000,000 and adjusted EBITDA margin in the range of 56% to 56.5%. This margin compares to the normalized baseline of 55.8%, as reported margins in 2025 included a 40 basis point nonrecurring benefit from foreign currency translation that I spoke about earlier. We expect interest expense to be between $190,000,000 and $200,000,000. This level reflects our plan to use some of our excess balance sheet capacity to execute the $1,500,000,000 ASR. We expect capital expenditure to be within the range of $260,000,000 to $280,000,000 as we continue to prioritize organic investment in our business, our highest return on capital opportunities. We expect our tax rate in 2026 to be in the range of 23% to 26%. This range is slightly above our long-term structural rate, reflecting our expectation of a lower level of stock option exercise activity. This culminates in adjusted earnings per share in the range of $7.45 to $7.75. We would note that the sale of Verisk Marketing Solutions presents an $0.11 headwind to EPS. Specific to the pacing of growth throughout the year, we want to bring a few things to your attention. First, we have tougher comparisons in the first half of the year as 2025 benefited from a strong subscription renewal cycle across our largest underwriting businesses in particular.

Second,

because of the low level of weather activity in 2025, we enter the year with a lower run rate of volume in our property repair estimating

platform.

Especially compared to the prior year, which had carryover impact from the storms in the fourth quarter 2024. And third, there is a work stoppage on a certain government contract that started in the first quarter and will impact revenue growth. Taking all this together, we anticipate first quarter 2026 reported revenue will be lower than reported revenue in 2025 by a low single-digit percentage, given the divestiture of Verisk Marketing Solutions.

We do expect growth in reported revenue

on a year-over-year basis and on a sequential basis when normalized for the sale of Marketing Solutions. Additionally, we anticipate the first quarter to be the trough both in terms of reported dollars and growth rates. A complete listing of all guidance measures can be found in the earnings slide deck which has been posted to the Investors section of our website, verisk.com. And before I turn the call over to Lee for some closing comments, I would like to remind you that we are looking forward to hosting everyone at our upcoming Investor Day on March 5.

Thanks, Elizabeth. We are excited about the growth opportunities ahead and have confidence in delivering a year of growth in 2026 that is in line with our long-term growth targets and compounds the solid year in 2025. We continue to appreciate all the support and interest in Verisk Analytics, Inc. Given the large number of analysts we have covering us, we ask that you limit yourself to one question. With that, I will ask the operator to open the line for questions. Thank you.

We will now begin the question-and-answer session. If you have dialed in and would like to ask a question, please press 1 on your telephone keypad to raise your hand and join the queue. If you would like to withdraw your questions, simply press 1 again. If you are called upon to ask your question and are listening via speakerphone in your device, please pick up your handset to ensure that your phone is not on mute when asking your question. We do request for today's session that you please limit to one question only. Thank you. And our first question comes from the line of Toni Michele Kaplan with Morgan Stanley. Your line is open. Thanks so much. Lee, you mentioned that you recently had many conversations with your clients. And so I was wondering when you are talking to them, would they prefer to be the ones to use your data to create AI products themselves so they have an advantage versus other insurers, or would they prefer that you create the AI product so that they do not have to spend the capital doing it? And maybe also, are they able to use your data as an input into third-party AI products? Thanks.

Yeah. Toni, thank you very much for the question. I know it is a great, great question to, I think, frame the conversations. And the answer is both based upon the nature, typically the scale, sometimes the sophistication of the client. But in those conversations, particularly with our largest clients, they want to compare what their objectives are in AI, recognizing that our data is a critical input for that function, and so they first want to have a coordinating or an alignment discussion to make certain that we are delivering the data in a format that can be effectively utilized by AI. We have been working on establishing model context protocols and MCP servers to be able to meet those needs. But part of that discussion is also look. Here is what we are looking to develop, and what do you have, or how are you integrating AI that may be an efficiency for them so that they can dedicate their dollars to more differentiating, competitively oriented applications. On the smaller side, I think we have a lot of clients that are daunted by the breadth of AI development. And so in those contexts, there is clearly more interest in how they can get a clearer and stronger return on their investment by testing and utilizing a number of the AI products that we are applying to our existing processes and our products. That was something, as I mentioned in my prepared remarks, where you could see particularly in the contracting firm, the estimating firm, and on the claims professional side, where there is strong adoption of that AI because in many cases, those are smaller midsized companies and we can deploy that are more interested in getting that immediate, immediate benefit. AI across an established process that they are familiar with. So I think it is both, but the important thing is our data is at the core because that analytics function relies on good quality industry-wide data. And there is a recognition that

Ladies and gentlemen, this is the operator. I apologize, but there will be a slight delay in the conference, and we will resume shortly.

Thank you.

Please stay on the line. Hello there, everyone. This is the operator again. Our speakers are in. Please proceed. Yep. So, Toni, can you let us know where we dropped off

in terms of the answering? How much of that did you catch?

Yep. Oh, Toni may have dropped as well. So I am just going to recap

briefly the question from Toni. Is, you know, to what extent are clients looking to utilize your data and Verisk Analytics, Inc.'s applications relative to their own applications? And my answer was, there really is a range from our largest, most sophisticated clients who emphasize that they want to use our data, in many cases are looking to develop their own AI applications, also interested in what they can leverage in terms of what they are doing on existing either underwriting or claims applications, and from smaller and midsized there is more of an interest in relying on the AI that we are integrating into our product and process given their scale and desire to achieve a faster return on investment. So, you know, that is in essence, the response to Toni’s question.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Manav Shiv Patnaik with Barclays. Your line is open.

Thank you. Maybe just to follow up on that question to a certain extent. You have talked about the softwareization of

Verisk Analytics, Inc. over the years. I was just curious how much of the software and analytics that you sell come tied with the data that you have versus separate and, you know, how those relationships and contract structures might change in this new environment?

Yes. Thanks, Manav. Also a great question. And I think the primary application of software in our context is in the delivery of data and the integration of the ecosystems to deliver the data and the outcomes that facilitate improved efficiency and functionality of those ecosystems. So it is inherently a data delivery device and a data connectivity element that is integral to that core process. And I think we see that in whitespace. We see that in the Core Lines Reimagine upgrades where we have provided new connectivity and deeper connectivity to our data sets. On the claims side, the Xactware function, the antifraud functions are software delivered, but at the core, it is a data and analytics function. Some of the smaller businesses, like our life business, is going to be a policy administration system, but it is tied to data and is delivering significant economic benefits to participants within the marketplace. But the predominance of our software footprint is related to that data delivery and integration function.

Next question comes from the line of Faiza Alwy with Deutsche Bank. Your line is open. Yes. Hi. Thank you. So, also wanted to follow up on the same topic. And, you know, I guess I wanted to ask that as you are rolling out these new technologies, do you expect to see sort of better ability to take pricing for the value that you are providing and if there is any differentiation in terms of customer type? And, you know, similarly, what does this mean for margins in terms, you know, cost of innovations versus the efficiencies that you are now able to generate?

Thank you, Faiza. So all of our businesses are fundamentally value-driven from a pricing standpoint. And I think there are kind of two key elements. One is that are we able to make that investment, monetize it and deliver that functionality at a lower cost relative to what our client is able to deploy, and are we able to find new uses of data that create value through our clients’ utilization of AI. Both of those are going should drive incremental revenues because we are creating value for the client. And as we are with a number of our investments looking to participate in that value creation. From a margin standpoint, I think the incremental margin on the use of that data, I think there is inherent operating leverage associated with that. That is beneficial. And we are also implementing AI in a variety of contexts that improves the productivity of the functions, whether it is on the coding side or whether it is on the data ingestion or data normalization function, is beneficial from an operational standpoint. And so we do believe that this is supportive of our operating leverage and serves to fund a lot of the investment that we are making in AI.

Next question comes from the line of Andrew Owen Nicholas with William Blair. Your line is open.

Hi, good morning. Appreciate you taking my question.

I wanted to switch gears a little bit and just talk about transactional growth or declines of late. And Elizabeth, if you could speak to the path to recovery there. I appreciate all the commentary on first quarter. But as we think about kind of the acceleration of that line over the course of the year and looking ahead to

to '27, do you feel like that is a

line that can grow organically at some point in '26, or what are the different levers there that we should have in mind?

Thank you.

Yes. Thanks for the question, Andrew. In the let me start with, you know, in the fourth quarter itself, really, the primary contributor to that drop is comparison to the

storm in the prior year, and that makes up far the bulk of that decline. There are other areas of tough comps and some of the temporary factors that we talked about. There are also other areas of strength in that underlying that fourth quarter transactional growth, such as the securitization. If you look at it on a three-year basis, it is still a three-year positive CAGR on the transactional side. And there have been a couple different factors that moved through in 2024. There were challenging comps to the double digits in the prior year. There was also the conversion of transactional revenue to subscription, which was kind of throughout some of '24 and some of '25. And then more recently in '25, we have had some of the tougher comps on weather and lower weather volumes, as well as the auto side. So all those things said, we do expect to work through those through the '25, '26. And do over the long term expect transactional revenue to be a source of strength.

Next question comes from the line of George Tong with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open. For your guidance for 2026 EBITDA margins, it looks like you are

looking for not a significant amount of margin expansion. Can you discuss some of the puts and takes you are embedding into your margin outlook for the year in terms of balancing investments with cost efficiencies?

Yes. Thanks for the question, George. So first of all, we

we look at it, we should look at 2025 on a normalized basis. While the reported margins were 56.2%, we did call out that that included 40 basis points of foreign currency translation kind of balance sheet impact that we do not expect to continue. So we view the normalized, the operational baseline, 55.8. The 56 to 56.5 is that guidance is, does show modest but meaningful margin expansion from there, which balances the efficiencies that we are able to get in our business, the operating leverage that we continue to expect, while managing to significantly fund exciting and in some of the AI products that Lee had talked about.

Got it. Thank you.

Next question comes from the line of Wenting Zhu with Autonomous Research. Your line is open. Hi. Good morning. Thanks for taking my question. Was wondering if you can talk a little bit more about any recent changes to the broader selling environment or sales cycle that you are seeing as P&C insurance industry transitions from hard to soft markets, think the profitability of the carriers should improve and that should translate to better budget environment for data and analytics. So just curious if you are seeing or hearing that from your customers. Thanks a lot.

Thank you, Kelsey. I am glad to address that. So I would say that cautiously I think we are seeing an improving sales cycle in this. And as you have indicated, as we have seen a normalization in the net written premium growth, there is always a growth motivation from the carriers. There is obviously always a risk and a profitability focus on their part. And in a lower growth environment, I think there is a tendency to look to utilize more tools, whether it is data or analytics, to help them understand where their opportunities for profitable growth are and how their risk assessment can be improved in a more difficult environment. And so I think that, you know, that, along with the heightened profitability that they have experienced, you give them the resources as well as the motivation to explore more interest in selling. And then that ties into, I think, the opportunity on AI side to see how that is additive to their functions from a process and from an efficiency standpoint. So I would say we view that as a net positive from an environmental standpoint.

Next question comes from the line of Gregory Peters with Raymond James. Your line is open.

Good morning, everyone.

I guess I am going to focus my question on the annual price increases in OCC. Lee, you mentioned how you have been talking with your customers and I am curious about the feedback they are providing you on the annual

price increases that are embedded into your contracts. And maybe, Elizabeth, you can remind us when we think about '26, or '27,

what component of OCC will include or be benefited by the price increases that you expect to get? Yep.

Thank you. Thanks, Greg. Let me start off, and then Elizabeth will follow up. So I think the general comment that I would make, and it is more than what we are hearing, although hearing what we are hearing from clients has been positive. It is also in terms of what we have been able to achieve in our longer-term multiyear contracts with our largest customers. And so what we are hearing is a clear recognition of the value of the investments that we have made to improve and digitize a lot of those datasets, providing more access, more functionality, more insights onto what we are doing, and more connectivity. So I will talk about it first on the underwriting side. The ability to provide more frequent updates, for instance, on our loss experience that we are now providing quarterly within that business is a clear value enhancement for our clients to be able to see the trends more accurately. The broader industry insights within lines of business has been well received. And so they have felt as though they are getting more value. They have seen the investments that we have made. And that has translated into strong renewals with, you know, annual increases that reflect the value that our clients are driving. This goes back to the point, you know, all of our growth is value oriented. And that is what we are hearing, and that is what we are experiencing. You know, similarly, coming off of the Elevate conference in our claims property estimating solutions area, our success in integrating now over 140 ecosystem partners has provided a lot of value and improved connectivity for our clients that has been very well received. It has reduced their costs and effort of purchasing the incremental analytics or functionality that those players provide, which creates value for them, and provides new sources of data to assess their operational performance. And so similarly, notwithstanding the weather dynamics, you know, we have gotten very positive feedback and engagement from clients around how they see the value, and that naturally supports the pricing environment. So that is the way I would describe it, Greg, and I will turn it over to Elizabeth to add her perspective.

Yeah. I think that is a great perspective. You know, not too much to add because, Greg, we do not give, you know, sort of specific annual price ranges per year. There is a wide range of outcomes for the carriers. I think, in general, we would comment that after three years of historically very strong pricing environment, it may be modestly coming down versus the prior year, but still historically very strong, reflecting the value of the solutions that Lee talked about.

Next question comes from the line of Scott Wurtzel with Wolfe Research. Your line is open.

Hey. Good morning, guys, and thank you for taking my questions. Just wondering if you can give an update on sort of the competitive dynamics on the kind of auto personal line side of things. I know that that has been a little bit of a headwind to growth. But just wondering if you can give an update on some of the maybe actions you are taking to, you know, maybe stem some of those competitive dynamics. Thanks.

Yeah. Scott, thank you very much for the question. I am going to turn over to my colleague, Robert Newbold, who has responsibility for our auto underwriting business to share some color there. Yeah. Thanks, Lee. So

as I have looked at the business, we see the challenges in the business come from first, the one-time revenues that peaked in 2024 and is minimal now due to the lack of

demand for nonrate action products. And then secondly, you know, where we have products that are not differentiated in marketplace, and that is where the competitive challenges come from. And we will work through those challenges through 2026. But where we are focused on is delivering differentiated analytics that drive long-term subscription growth. And to that end, we have launched a new enhancement to our SLAC

coverage verified product that delivers

new readable insights at the point of growth.

Now this is an innovation that is the subject of almost all our client conversations today, and we are encouraged by the interest that they are seeing in this solution. So our focus going forward will be on these differentiated analytics that drive long-term subscription growth.

Next question comes from the line of Jason Daniel Haas with Wells Fargo. Your line is open.

Hi, good morning, and thanks for taking my question. I wanted to follow up on some of the margin commentary.

Correct me if I am wrong, but I was getting about a 60 bps tailwind from the divestiture of VMS. So that would mean that all the

that is right. That would mean basically, all the margin expansion you are guiding to is coming from that. So can you talk about if that is all correct,

can you talk about why there is no

margin expansion X the VMS divestiture for 2026? Is it investment in the business? How should we think about, like, the long-term trajectory of margins going forward? Thank you.

Yeah. Thanks. Thanks, Jason, for the question. I am not

sure where you are getting that VMS comment. We can take that offline with you. But there may be other elements in that in some of the M&A line. There are some acquisitions as well. So let us take that offline. We are still exhibiting operating leverage across our businesses to deliver margin expansion.

Next question comes from the line of David Paige with Rothschild and Company Redburn. Your line is open.

Yeah. Hi, everyone. Thanks for having me on. We had a follow up on the cross

sell environment as carriers are improving their profitability. You mentioned module deployment has been very strong, but any incremental color you could give on adoption of these modules would be very helpful. And then as you move past Core Lines Reimagine, how you are thinking about what drives the leg of pricing and the sustainability of those increases?

Henry. So I will take the first part and then turn it over to Saurabh Khemka on the incremental functionality on the core lines. So in terms of module adoption, I think what we are seeing is that having introduced this, the clients to varying extents have adopted and adjusted that new functionality. But it is a process in some ways of training the clients and their employees on how to utilize it effectively. And so we have been dedicating a lot of time to training for our clients to make certain that they are getting as much value as possible out of those modules. None of that suggests that the clients do not see the value, and we have heard that repeatedly. In fact, clients have told investors, when asked the question, that they have seen significant productivity gains. But we will continue to work to make sure they are getting as much value of those enhancements as possible. At our upcoming Verisk Insurance Conference, we often couple that with extensive training, opportunities for them to understand what is available to them. So I think we will see continued uptake and continued value realization as our clients become more familiar, and we will continue to enhance that as I am sure Saurabh can describe.

Yeah. Absolutely. So two things. One, the original scope of Reimagine is what we are talking about in terms of complete. So we will put all our content on this digitized new platform. And the adoption of that platform will continue, and the adoption of these new analytics will continue. The second thing I would say is that we have really created a culture of continuous innovation through Reimagine. So as we now have this platform, we will continuously innovate on the underlying content and put it on the platform that will drive new use cases for our customers like AI. As Lee mentioned, lot of these use cases drive better insights but also drive productivity gains. So we see continuous opportunities for us to drive value for our customers.

And let me add to that, Henry. One thing that I have to tie in to tie in the AI component, is we have asked Saurabh and our colleague Tim Rayner who runs our UK businesses in the SBS to partner to think about what our enterprise AI strategy is with an orientation to product implementation and understanding how our clients are working with the technology. So many of the lessons, and the successes that we have had in identifying how we can improve that technology, understand what our clients' needs are, are going to drive that close integration of the AI opportunity as well. We think will continue to increase the value of what we have done with core lines.

Next question comes from the line of Jeffrey P. Meuler with JPMorgan. Your line is open.

Hey, guys. This is Justin on for Andrew. Thanks for taking our

questions. First, I just wanted to ask, you know, Lee, when you look at Verisk Analytics, Inc.’s most sophisticated clients in terms of willingness to adopt AI, do you think these clients are using more or less Verisk Analytics, Inc. data today, and why? And then if I could just

follow up quickly on some of the color you provided about the first quarter

revenue guide. I think you are expecting it to be down low single digits on a sequential basis. Could you just help us think through what that might mean on an organic constant currency basis year over year? Thank you.

Great. Thanks, Justin. I will let

Elizabeth handle the second part of that on the revenue guide. In terms of your first question, I think the way that we see it and it is very similar to other technology deployments. And if you think about

what

the primary driver of our ability to grow at a faster rate than the insurance industry has been the ongoing adoption of technologies that utilize the data sets that we are able to gather and normalize across the industry. And so when we have these AI strategic alignment discussions, it is clearly founded on a recognition that the underlying data that we are able to provide, one that has kind of industry-wide value, two, is more efficiently gathered through a trusted third party, and which can be integrated easily into processes because of our connectivity, that is fundamentally, as valuable in an AI context if not more so. And that AI is improving the productivity of core underwriting functions, claims functions, risk management functions. And so it becomes an incremental opportunity to use that data set to inform those decisions more effectively. And I think there is an understanding from our clients that that will enhance their value. And in fact, we see an opportunity to expand those data sets in a more connected environment. We have talked in the past about the development of new data sets in the excess and surplus market which I think has been driven by this trend of being better able to connect and associate data sets, leveraging the connectivity that we have with P&C carriers that are writing both admitted lines and excess and surplus lines as well as greater connectivity in the specialty market, where we are beginning to see more requests for data and analytics to support that market. So I think from our perspective, this clearly is an opportunity to utilize that valuable, more efficiently gathered and connected data set to support the implementation of that technology similar to what we have seen in the past. I will turn it over to Elizabeth to talk about your question on the first quarter revenue guide.

Yes. Thanks, Justin. And your question, Justin, was on the first quarter OCC revenue growth. We do not give that in specific. We do give you a lot of the ingredients necessary. We talked about the Verisk Marketing Solutions business on a full-year basis. And you can think of that as a quite even quarterly spread, if that is helpful. So we were calling out some of the pressures and the headwind from the temporary factors as continuing in the first quarter from the fourth quarter. In addition, there were some areas of, called out some areas of outperformance and strength in the fourth quarter and the first quarter being, facing some tough comps, particularly on the subscription side. So we just wanted to, between those things, we wanted to call out that we saw the first quarter as the trough from a growth standpoint, with that continuing to improve over the balance of '26.

And our last question comes from the line of David Paige with RBC Capital Markets. Your line is open.

Hi. Good morning. Thank you for taking our question. This is David Paige on for Ashish. Maybe just following up on that last question. Can you remind us what percentage of revenues are derived from contributory data sources? And then maybe at a high level, how should we think about the AI moats across your different business segments, particularly as, I guess, investors are concerned about Vibe coding potentially impact vertical software or just

work?

Or work solution in general? Thank you.

Yeah. Thanks a bunch for the question, David. And I think this is something also that we will continue the discussion at Investor Day. In terms of, I think Lee talked about the data that is an input really across most of our businesses. To be very concrete on the contributory data, sometimes said, as you look at our revenues, primarily the forms, rules, and loss costs and the antifraud that are built on those industry-wide contributory solutions. Elsewhere in our business, we have some elements potentially of contributory data, and significant proprietary data and analytics. So we think that, really, most of our business has a lot of defensibility to it with those strong data ingredients. We will talk more about it in a few weeks.

Yep. And it is both the, apart from the contributory data sets, as Elizabeth was describing, there also is an element of proprietary data sets, for instance, in our property estimating solutions, embedded in the value of what we provide, you know, apart from materials and labor costs, which are, you know, located in, that are identified and utilized kind of specifically for estimates, an understanding of what a repair entails in terms of, you know, materials or labor costs is an aspect of that proprietary nature. And there is also an element of it becomes a reference point that the claims professionals at the carriers, the adjusters, and the contractors use to facilitate resolution of that claim. So it becomes an established industry standard that has a valuable proprietary content because all participants understand how that is derived and it is kind of been established as a base point. To your question on Vibe coding, it relates in some way to the question around software that we had earlier. And this is where the nature of our software is one for the delivery of the datasets, you know, not so much the underlying software itself, as well as the connectivity that that software or that platform provides. And so simply the function of AI-driven or Vibe coding does not, in our view, represent a threat to the fundamental data differentiation and connectivity differentiation that we provide. We think that that is a very different software proposition. In some ways, you know, I kind of liken it to the securities exchanges where they are providing connectivity to a large and complex group of market participants. It is a very similar dynamic within our business. But I will also use this as an opportunity to advertise and increase you all to attend our Investor Day, where we will be going through the business and talking about those components from a data, from a software standpoint, from a competitive differentiation for each of our businesses, to a far greater detail and better texture than we can provide in this call.

Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes the question-and-answer session. Thank you all for joining in. You may now disconnect. Everyone, have a great day.